Per Class S Shares |
Per Class D Shares |
Per Class M Shares |
Per Class I Shares |
Per Class R6 Shares |
Total | |||||||||||||||||
Public Offering Price (1) |
Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Amount invested at NAV | ||||||||||||||||
Sales Load (2) |
None | None | None | None | None | |||||||||||||||||
Proceeds to the Fund |
Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Current NAV | Amount invested at NAV | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) | The Fund’s Shares will be issued on a daily basis at a price per share equal to the NAV per Share. Franklin Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), an affiliate of the Manager, acts as principal underwriter for the Fund’s Shares and serves in that capacity on a reasonable best efforts basis, subject to various conditions. The Shares will initially be offered at $10.00 per share. Generally, the stated minimum |
| investment by an investor in the Fund is $2,500 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares and $1,000,000 with respect to the Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares. The stated minimum investment for the Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares may be reduced for certain investors as described under “Purchasing Shares.” The minimum additional investment in the Fund is $500 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares and $10,000 with respect to Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares. The Fund may, in its sole discretion, accept investments below these minimums. Investors subscribing through a given broker/dealer or registered investment adviser may have shares aggregated to meet these minimums, so long as initial investments are not less than $2,500 and incremental contributions are not less than $500. |
| (2) | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to the Shares, however, if you buy Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such about as they may determine, provided that financial intermediaries limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class S Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares or a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. Financial intermediaries will not charge such fees on Class I Shares or Class R6 Shares. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund. Please consult your financial intermediary for additional information. |
• |
An investment in the Fund is speculative with a substantial risk of loss. The Fund, the Manager and BSP do not guarantee any level of return or risk on investments and there can be no assurance that the Fund’s investment objective will be achieved. You should carefully consider these risks together with all of the other information contained in this Prospectus before making a decision to invest in the Fund. |
• |
The Fund has a limited operating history. |
• |
Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers. Although the Fund will offer to repurchase Shares on a quarterly basis of between 5% and 25% of the Fund’s Shares, Shares will not be redeemable at an investor’s option. As a result, an investor may not be able to sell or otherwise liquidate his or her Shares. |
• |
The Fund has elected to operate as an “interval fund” and will make periodic repurchase offers, but only a limited number of Shares will be eligible for repurchase in each periodic repurchase offer. The need to fund repurchase obligations may affect the Fund’s ability to be fully invested or force the Fund to maintain a higher percentage of assets in liquid investments, which may harm the Fund’s investment performance. |
• |
An investment in the Fund may not be suitable for investors who may need the money they invested in a specified timeframe. |
• |
The Fund may utilize leverage to the maximum extent permitted by law to achieve its investment objective or for liquidity, which will magnify the potential for loss on amounts invested in the Fund. See “ Leverage ,” “ Risks — The Fund may be subject to leverage risk . ” and “ Description of Shares—Preferred Shares .” |
| • | Shares are speculative and involve a high degree of risk, including the risks associated with leverage. See “ Risks Related to Our Investments. ” |
• |
Shares are subject to substantial restrictions on transferability and resale and may not be transferred or resold except as permitted under the Fund’s agreement and declaration of trust. See “ Transfer Restrictions ” starting on page 84 of the Prospectus. |
• |
The amount of distributions that the Fund may pay, if any, is uncertain. |
• |
The Fund may pay distributions in significant part from sources that may not be available in the future and that are unrelated to the Fund’s performance, such as the sale of assets, borrowings, return of capital, offering proceeds or from temporary waivers or expense reimbursements borne by the Manager or its affiliates that may be subject to reimbursement to the Manager or its affiliates. |
• |
The repayment of any amounts owed to the Manager or its affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
| • | The Fund intends to invest in securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “junk,” have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. They may also be illiquid and difficult to value. |
| • | Any capital returned to Shareholders through distributions will be distributed after payment of fees and expenses. |
| • | A return of capital to Shareholders is a return of a portion of their original investment in the Fund, thereby reducing the tax basis of their investment. As a result from such reduction in tax basis, Shareholders may be subject to tax in connection with the sale of Shares, even if such Shares are sold at a loss relative to the Shareholder’s original investment. |
• |
You should rely only on the information contained in this Prospectus and the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information. The Fund has not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. You should not assume that the information provided by this Prospectus is accurate as of any date other than the date shown below. Neither the SEC nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this Prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
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| The Fund |
The Fund is a newly organized Delaware statutory trust that is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), as a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with a limited operating history. The Fund operates as an “interval fund.” |
Franklin Templeton Fund Adviser, LLC (the “Manager”) has received an exemptive order from the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) that permits the Fund to offer multiple classes of Shares. The Fund will offer five separate classes of Shares designated as Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class M Shares, Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares. Each class of Shares is subject to different fees and expenses. The Fund may offer additional classes of Shares in the future. |
The business operations of the Fund are managed and supervised under the direction of the Fund’s Board of Trustees (the “Board”), subject to the laws of the State of Delaware and the Fund’s Declaration of Trust. The Board is comprised of eight trustees, a majority of whom are not “interested persons” (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund (“Independent Trustees”). |
Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through quarterly repurchase offers. |
Investment Management |
Benefit Street Partners L.L.C. (“BSP”) serves as a sub-adviser to the Fund and is responsible for making investment decisions for the Fund. BSP, a Delaware limited liability company, is registered as an investment adviser with the SEC under the Advisers Act. |
The Manager performs administrative and management services necessary for the operation of the Fund, such as (1) supervising the overall administration of the Fund, including negotiation of contracts and fees with and the monitoring of performance and billings of the Fund’s transfer agent, shareholder servicing agents, custodian and other independent contractors or agents; (2) providing certain compliance, Fund accounting, regulatory reporting and tax reporting services; (3) preparing or participating in the preparation of Board materials, registration statements, proxy statements and reports and other communications to shareholders; (4) maintaining the Fund’s existence; and (5) maintaining the registration and qualification of the Fund’s shares under federal and state laws. The Manager is ultimately owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. |
Investment Objective and Strategy |
The Fund’s investment objective is to generate risk-adjusted returns (i.e., returns made relative to the amount of risk taken) with consistent current income. |
The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective through private debt investment opportunities in middle market companies in the United States, which it generally defines as companies with $25 million to $100 million EBITDA. Under normal circumstances, debt investments will represent at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes). The investment portfolio will consist of privately offered secured debt (including senior secured, unitranche and second-lien debt) and unsecured debt (including senior unsecured and subordinated debt) across directly originated corporate loans and, to a lesser extent, broadly syndicated corporate loans, collateralized loan obligations (“CLOs”) and high yield corporate bonds (“High Yield Corporate Bonds”). |
The Fund’s portfolio will consist primarily of some combination of the following types of investments: |
Directly Originated Corporate Loans |
Broadly Syndicated Corporate Loans. non-U.S. (including Canada and Europe, among other countries and regions) corporations, partnerships, limited liability companies and other business entities (together with issuers of High Yield Corporate Bonds and other debt securities, “Borrowers”) which operate in various industries and geographical regions. Borrowers may obtain Syndicated Loans, among other reasons, to refinance existing debt, engage in acquisitions, pay dividends, recapitalize, complete leveraged buyouts and for general corporate purposes. Syndicated Loans rated below investment grade are sometimes referred to as “leveraged loans.” The Fund may invest in Syndicated Loans through assignments of or, to a lesser extent, participations in Syndicated Loans. The Fund may utilize total return swaps and/or various other types of derivative instruments to a lesser extent (“Derivatives”), for the purpose of gaining exposure to Syndicated Loans. |
High Yield Corporate Bonds |
Structured Credit i.e., |
Collateralized Debt Obligations . |
of the Securities Act. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities and asset-backed securities generally discussed elsewhere in this Statement of Additional Information, CDOs carry additional risks, including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the risk that the collateral may default or decline in value or be downgraded, if rated by a NRSRO; (iii) the Fund is likely to invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the structure and complexity of the transaction and the legal documents could lead to disputes among investors regarding the characterization of proceeds; (v) the investment return achieved by the Fund could be significantly different than those predicted by financial models; (vi) the lack of a readily available secondary market for CDOs; (vii) risk of forced “fire sale” liquidation due to technical defaults such as coverage test failures; and (viii) the CDO’s manager may perform poorly. |
Other Investment Strategies. |
The Fund may also invest in securities of other investment companies to the extent that these investments are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective, strategies and policies and permissible under the 1940 Act. The Fund may also invest in securities of private funds that rely on exceptions from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act, structured finance vehicles or other entities not traditionally considered pooled investment vehicles, and companies that rely on the exceptions from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(5)(A) or (B) of the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest in portfolio affiliates of the Fund within the meaning of, and in reliance on, Rules 17a-6 and 17d-1(d)(5) under the 1940 Act. The Fund may invest in other investment companies to gain broad market or sector exposure, including during periods when it has large amounts of uninvested |
cash or when BSP believes that share prices of other investment companies offer attractive values. In general, under the 1940 Act, an investment company may not (i) own more than 3% of the outstanding voting securities of any one registered investment company, (ii) invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any single registered investment company or (iii) invest more than 10% of its total assets in securities of other registered investment companies (the “3-5-10% Limitations”). The Fund may rely on certain exemptions to exceed the 3-5-10% Limitations when investing in another registered investment company (including money market funds) or BDC. To the extent that the Fund invests in another investment company, because other investment companies pay advisory, administrative and service fees that are borne indirectly by investors, such as the Fund, there may be duplication of investment management and other fees. |
Other Characteristics |
Below Investment Grade Credit Instruments. |
Illiquid and Restricted Securities. |
Senior Secured Loans. |
payment, they carry the least risk among all investments in a firm. |
Second Lien Secured Loans. |
Senior Secured Bonds. |
Subordinated Debt. |
Other Investments. |
Principal Risk Factors |
Investing in the Fund involves risks, including the risk that a Shareholder may receive little or no return on their investment or that a Shareholder may lose part or all of their investment. Below is a summary of some of the principal risks of investing in the Fund. Investing in the Fund may be considered speculative. You should carefully consider the information found in “Risks” before deciding to |
invest in the Fund. Shareholders should consider carefully the following principal risks before investing in the Fund: |
| • | Unlike most closed-end funds, the Fund’s Shares will not be listed on any securities exchange; |
| • | Although the Fund will conduct quarterly repurchases, there is no guarantee that a Shareholder will be able to sell all of the Shares that the Shareholder desires to sell. The Fund should therefore be considered to offer limited liquidity. An investment in the Fund, unlike an investment in a traditional listed closed-end fund, should be considered illiquid. The Shares are appropriate only for investors who are comfortable with investment in less liquid or illiquid portfolio investments within an illiquid fund. Unlike open-end funds (commonly known as mutual funds), which generally permit redemptions on a daily basis, the Shares will not be redeemable at a Shareholder’s option. Unlike stocks of listed closed-end funds, the Shares are not listed, and are not expected to be listed, for trading on any securities exchange, and the Fund does not expect any secondary market to develop for the Shares in the foreseeable future; |
| • | Future disruptions or instability in capital markets could negatively impact our ability to raise capital, and have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations; |
| • | The amount of any distributions we pay is uncertain. Our distributions to Shareholders may exceed our earnings. Therefore, portions of the distributions that we pay may represent a return of capital to you which will lower your tax basis in your shares and reduce the amount of funds we have for investment in targeted assets. We may not be able to pay you distributions, and our distributions may not grow over time. Any capital returned to Shareholders through distributions will be distributed after payment of fees and expenses; |
| Price declines in the large corporate leveraged loan market may adversely affect the fair value of debt securities we hold, reducing our NAV through increased net unrealized depreciation; |
| • | We depend upon information systems, and systems failures could significantly disrupt our business, which may, in turn, negatively affect the value of our Shares and our ability to pay distributions; |
| • | There are significant potential conflicts of interest that could impact our investment returns; |
| • | The Fund may be materially adversely affected by market, economic and political conditions globally and in the jurisdictions and sectors in which the Fund invests; |
| • | Our financial results may be affected adversely if one or more of our significant equity or junior debt investment defaults on its payment obligations or fails to perform as we expect; |
| • | Certain investments of the Fund are subject to interest rate risk; |
| • | Because we borrow money, the potential for gain or loss on amounts invested in us will be magnified and may increase the risk of investing in us; |
| • | Our investments in portfolio companies may be risky, and we could lose all or part of our investment. Under normal circumstances, debt investments will represent at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes). We intend to invest primarily in first and second lien senior secured loans and mezzanine debt issued by middle market companies. For our senior secured lien loans, the collateral securing these investments may decrease in value or lose its entire value over time or may fluctuate based on the performance of the portfolio company which may lead to a loss in principal. Mezzanine debt investments are typically unsecured, and investing in mezzanine debt may involve a heightened level of risk, including a loss of principal or the loss of the entire investment. Our investments may include securities that are rated below investment grade by rating agencies or that would be rated below investment grade if they were rated. Below investment grade securities, which are often referred to as “high yield” or “junk” and have predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal; |
| • | Your interest in us will be diluted if we issue additional shares, which could reduce the overall value of your investment; |
| • | The Fund is a non-diversified, closed-end investment company and may hold a narrower range of investments than a diversified fund under the 1940 Act; |
| • | The Fund operates in a highly competitive market for investment opportunities; |
| • | We may be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal taxes if we fail to maintain our status as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). |
| Accordingly, the Fund should be considered a speculative investment that entails substantial risks, and prospective investors should invest in the Fund only if they can sustain a complete loss of their investment. |
Distributor |
Franklin Distributors, LLC, an affiliate of the Manager and BSP, acts as distributor for the Fund’s Shares (the “Distributor”) and serves in that capacity on a reasonable best-efforts basis, subject to various conditions. |
| The Distributor may retain additional selling agents or other financial intermediaries to place Shares in the Fund. Such selling agents or other financial intermediaries may impose terms and conditions on Shareholder accounts and investments in the Fund that are in addition to the terms and conditions set forth in this Prospectus. |
Share Classes; Minimum Investments |
The Fund offers five separate classes of Shares designated as Class S Shares, Class D Shares, Class M Shares, Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares. Each class of Shares has differing characteristics, particularly in terms of the sales charges that Shareholders in that class may bear, and the Distribution and Servicing Fee (as defined herein) that each class may be charged. |
| The minimum initial investment in the Fund by any investor is $2,500 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares and $1,000,000 with respect to Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares. The minimum additional investment in the Fund by any investor is $500 with respect to Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M shares and $10,000 for Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares, except for additional purchases pursuant to the dividend reinvestment plan. Investors subscribing through a given broker/dealer or registered investment adviser may have shares aggregated to meet these minimums, so long as initial investments are not less than $2,500 and incremental contributions are not less than $500. |
| The stated minimum investment for Class I and Class R6 Shares may be reduced for certain investors as described under “Purchasing Shares.” In addition, the Board reserves the right to accept lesser amounts below these minimums for Trustees of the Fund and employees of Franklin Resources, Inc. and its affiliates (“Franklin Templeton”) and vehicles controlled by such employees. |
| Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. Shares are subject to limitations on transferability, and liquidity will be provided only through quarterly repurchase offers. |
| The minimum initial and additional investments may be reduced by either the Fund or the Distributor in the discretion of each for certain investors based on consideration of various factors, including the investor’s overall relationship with the Manager, BSP or the Distributor, the investor’s holdings in other funds affiliated with the Manager, BSP or the Distributor, and such other matters as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time, though Shares will only be sold to investors that satisfy the Fund’s eligibility requirements. The minimum initial and additional investments may also be reduced by either the Fund or the Distributor in the discretion of each for clients of certain registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries based on consideration of various factors, including the registered investment adviser or other financial intermediary’s overall relationship with the Manager, BSP or the Distributor, the type of distribution channels offered by the intermediary and such other factors as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time. |
| In addition, the Fund may, in the discretion of the Manager or Distributor, aggregate the accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries whose clients invest in the Fund for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts. At the discretion of the Manager or the Distributor, the Fund may also aggregate the accounts of clients of certain registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries across Share classes for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts for a specific Share class. The aggregation of accounts of clients of registered investment advisers and other financial intermediaries for purposes of determining satisfaction of minimum investment amounts for the Fund or for a specific Share class may be based on consideration of various factors, including the registered investment adviser or other financial intermediary’s overall relationship with the Manager, BSP or the Distributor, the type of distribution channels offered by the intermediary and such other factors as the Manager or the Distributor may consider relevant at the time. |
Eligible Investors |
Each prospective investor in the Fund should obtain the advice of his, her or its own legal, accounting, tax and other advisers in reviewing documents pertaining to an investment in the Fund, including, but not limited to, this Prospectus, the SAI and the Declaration of Trust before deciding to invest in the Fund. |
Purchasing Shares |
The Fund expects to commence its continuous public offering on the first business day of the month following the inception date of the Fund (“Inception Date”). |
| Shares will generally be offered for purchase on a daily basis at the NAV per share on that date. Fractions of Shares will be issued to one one-hundredth of a Share. Shares will be offered for purchase daily on any day the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) is open for business at a price based upon the Fund’s then-current NAV. |
Although no upfront sales load will be paid with respect to the Shares, if you buy Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such amount as they may determine, provided that financial intermediaries limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class S Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares and a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. |
Subscriptions received by the Fund or its designee prior to the close of the NYSE, on a day the Fund is open for business, together with payment will be effected at that day’s NAV. Subscriptions are generally subject to the receipt of cleared funds on or prior to the acceptance date set by the Fund and notified to prospective investors. |
An investor who misses the acceptance date will have the effectiveness of his, her or its investment in the Fund delayed until the following business day. |
| The Fund reserves the right to accept or reject, in its sole discretion, any request to purchase Shares at any time. The Fund also reserves the right to suspend or terminate offerings of Shares at any time. Unless otherwise required by applicable law, any amount received in advance of a purchase ultimately rejected by the Fund will be returned promptly to the prospective investor without the deduction of any fees or expenses. |
| Prospective investors who purchase Shares through financial intermediaries will be subject to the procedures of those intermediaries through which they purchase Shares, which may include charges, investment minimums, cutoff times and other restrictions in addition to, or different from, those listed herein. Prospective investors purchasing shares of the Fund through financial intermediaries should acquaint themselves with their financial intermediary’s procedures and should read this Prospectus in conjunction with any materials and information provided by their financial intermediary. |
Distributions |
We expect to declare distributions monthly and pay regular monthly distributions. In addition, the Fund intends to declare and make distributions from net realized gains, if any, on an annual basis. Any distributions we make will be at the discretion of our Board, considering factors such as our earnings, cash flow, capital and liquidity needs and general financial condition and the requirements of Delaware law. As a result, our distribution rates and payment frequency may vary from time to time. |
| Unless a Shareholder otherwise elects, all distributions of dividends (including capital gain dividends) with respect to a class of Shares will be automatically reinvested by the Fund in additional Shares of the corresponding class, which will be issued at the net asset value (“NAV”) per Share determined as of the ex-dividend date. |
| Because the Fund intends to elect to be treated, and intends to qualify annually as, a RIC under the Code, the Fund intends to distribute at least 90% of its investment company taxable income to its Shareholders. Nevertheless, there can be no assurance that the Fund will pay distributions to Shareholders at any particular rate. Each year, a statement on Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) Form 1099-DIV identifying the amount and character of the Fund’s distributions will be mailed to Shareholders. See “Taxes; RIC Status” below and “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.” |
The Fund cannot guarantee that it will make distributions. The Fund may finance its cash distributions to Shareholders from any sources of funds available to the Fund, including offering proceeds, borrowings, |
net investment income from operations, capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), non-capital gains proceeds from the sale of assets (including fund investments), dividends or other distributions paid to the Fund on account of preferred and common equity investments by the Fund and expense reimbursements from the Manager. The Fund has not established limits on the amount of funds the Fund may use from available sources to make distributions. The repayment of any amounts owed to the Manager or its affiliates will reduce future distributions to which you would otherwise be entitled. |
Dividend Reinvestment Plan |
The Fund will operate under a dividend reinvestment plan (the “DRIP”) administered by SS&C Global Investor & Distribution Solutions, Inc. (“SS&C”). Pursuant to the DRIP, the Fund’s income dividends or capital gains or other distributions, net of any applicable U.S. withholding tax, are reinvested in the same class of Shares of the Fund. |
| Shareholders automatically participate in the DRIP, unless and until an election is made to withdraw from the DRIP on behalf of such participating Shareholder. A Shareholder who does not wish to have distributions automatically reinvested may terminate participation in the DRIP at any time by written instructions to that effect to SS&C. Shareholders who elect not to participate in the DRIP will receive all distributions in cash paid to the Shareholder of record (or, if the Shares are held in street or other nominee name, then to such nominee). Such written instructions must be received by SS&C 30 days prior to the record date of the distribution or the Shareholder will receive such distribution in Shares through the DRIP. Under the DRIP, the Fund’s distributions to Shareholders are reinvested in full and fractional Shares. |
No Redemption; Restrictions on Transfer |
No Shareholder will have the right to require the Fund to redeem Shares. With very limited exceptions, Shares are not transferable, and liquidity for investments in Shares may be provided only through periodic offers by the Fund to repurchase Shares from Shareholders. See “Repurchase of Shares.” |
Repurchase of Shares |
The Shares have no history of public trading, nor are they expected to be listed on a public exchange. No secondary market is expected to develop for the Fund’s Shares. |
The Fund is an “interval fund,” a type of fund which, to provide limited liquidity to Shareholders, makes quarterly offers to repurchase between 5% and 25% of its outstanding Shares at NAV pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act, unless such offer is suspended or postponed in accordance with regulatory requirements (as discussed below). Under normal market conditions, the Fund intends to repurchase 5% of its outstanding shares at NAV on a quarterly basis. Quarterly repurchases occur in the months of March, June, September and December. The |
offer to purchase Shares is a fundamental policy that may not be changed without the vote of the shareholders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act). |
| Written notification of each quarterly repurchase offer (the “Repurchase Offer Notice”) is sent to Shareholders at least 21 calendar days before the repurchase request deadline (i.e., the date by which Shareholders can tender their Shares in response to a repurchase offer) (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). The repurchase price will be the Fund’s NAV calculated no later than the 14th calendar day (or the next business day if the 14th calendar day is not a business day) after the Repurchase Request Deadline (the “Repurchase Pricing Date”). The Fund will distribute payment to Shareholders no later than seven calendar days after the Repurchase Pricing Date. As there is not likely to be a secondary market for Shares, Shareholders may not be able to sell Shares when and/or in the amount that they desire. Thus, the Shares are appropriate only as a long-term investment. In addition, the Fund’s repurchase offers may subject the Fund and Shareholders to special risks. See “ Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Investments in our Shares—The share repurchase program may harm the Fund’s investment performance and the Fund may not be able to repurchase all the Shares a Shareholder tenders.” |
| A 2.00% early repurchase fee will be charged by the Fund with respect to any repurchase of Shares from a Shareholder at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of the Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares. Shares tendered for repurchase will be treated as having been repurchased on a “first in-first out” basis. An early repurchase fee payable by a Shareholder may be waived by the Fund in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund. The Early Repurchase Fee will not apply to Shares acquired through dividend reinvestment. To the extent the Fund determines to waive, impose scheduled variations of, or eliminate an Early Repurchase Fee, it will do so consistently with the requirements of Rule 22d-1 under the 1940 Act, and the Fund’s waiver of, scheduled variation in, or elimination of, the Early Repurchase Fee will apply uniformly to all Shareholders regardless of Share class. See “Repurchase of Shares.” |
Fees and Expenses |
The Fund will bear its own operating expenses (including, without limitation, its ongoing offering expenses). A more detailed discussion of the Fund’s expenses can be found below under “Management Fee,” “Administrator” and “Distribution and Servicing Fee.” |
| The Fund will bear certain of its organizational and initial offering costs in connection with this offering. The Fund’s initial offering costs, whether borne by the Manager or the Fund, are being capitalized and amortized over the 12-month period beginning on the Inception Date. The Fund’s organizational costs are expensed as incurred. |
| Management Fee |
In consideration of the advisory services provided by the Manager, the Fund will pay the Manager a monthly management fee at an annual rate of 0.75% based on the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (the “Management Fee”). The Manager has agreed to voluntarily waive its Management Fee through October 8, 2026. |
BSP receives an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from the Manager. |
For purposes of determining the Management Fee payable to the Manager, the value of the Fund’s net assets will be calculated prior to the inclusion of the Management Fee payable to the Manager or to any purchases or repurchases of Shares of the Fund or any distributions by the Fund. The Management Fee will be payable in arrears within 5 business days after the completion of the net asset value computation for the quarter. The Management Fee is paid to the Manager out of the Fund’s assets, and therefore decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund. |
The services of all investment professionals and staff of the Manager, when and to the extent engaged in providing investment advisory and management services, and the compensation and routine overhead expenses of such personnel allocable to such services, are provided and paid for by the Manager. The Fund bears all other costs and expenses of its operations and transactions as set forth in its Investment Management Agreement with the Manager (the “Investment Management Agreement”). |
Distribution and Servicing Fee |
Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares are subject to an ongoing distribution and shareholder servicing fee (the “Distribution and Servicing Fee”) to compensate financial industry professionals for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of Shareholders who own Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares of the Fund. Under the terms of the SEC exemptive relief that the Fund relies on to offer multiple classes of Shares, the Fund is subject to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Accordingly, the Fund has adopted a distribution and servicing plan for its Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares (the “Distribution and Servicing Plan”) and pays the Distribution and Servicing Fee with respect to its Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares. The Distribution and Servicing Plan operates in a manner consistent with Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. |
Class S Shares, Class D Shares and Class M Shares pay a Distribution and Servicing Fee to the Distributor at an annual rate of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.50%, respectively, based on the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to such class. For purposes of determining the Distribution and Servicing Fee, net asset value will be calculated prior to any reduction for any fees and expenses, including, without limitation, the Distribution and Servicing Fee payable. |
| Class I Shares and Class R6 Shares are not subject to a Distribution and Servicing Fee). |
| The Manager, or its affiliates, may pay additional compensation out of its own resources (i.e., not Fund assets) to certain selling agents or financial intermediaries in connection with the sale of the Shares. The additional compensation may differ among brokers or dealers in amount or in the amount of calculation. Payments of additional compensation may be fixed dollar amounts or, based on the aggregate value of outstanding Shares held by Shareholders introduced by the broker or dealer, or determined in some other manner. The receipt of the additional compensation by a selling broker or dealer may create potential conflicts of interest between an investor and its broker or dealer who is recommending the Fund over other potential investments. |
Expense Limitation Agreement |
Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) with the Fund, the Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, any Distribution and Servicing Fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit) and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.25% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average daily net assets of the Shares. With respect to the Shares, the Fund agrees to repay the Manager any fees waived or expenses assumed under the Expense Limitation Agreement for the Shares, provided the repayments do not cause the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding Excluded Expenses) for the Shares to exceed the expense limitation in place at the time the fees were waived and/or the expenses were reimbursed, or the expense limitation in place at the time the Fund repays the Manager, whichever is lower. Any such repayments must be made within thirty-six months after the month in which the Manager incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending one year from the date the Fund commences operations, and the Manager may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. The Manager may not terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement during its initial one-year term. |
Administrator |
The Fund has retained The Bank of New York Mellon (the “Administrator”) to provide it with certain administrative services, including fund administration, fund accounting and transfer agency services. The Fund compensates the Administrator for these services and reimburses the Administrator for certain out-of-pocket |
(the “Administration Fee”). The Administration Fee is paid to the Administrator out of the assets of the Fund and therefore decreases the net profits or increases the net losses of the Fund. See “Administration and Accounting Services.” |
Transfer Restrictions |
A Shareholder may assign, transfer, sell, encumber, pledge or otherwise dispose of (each, a “transfer”) Shares only (i) by operation of law pursuant to the death, divorce, insolvency, bankruptcy, or adjudicated incompetence of the Shareholder; or (ii) under other limited circumstances, with the consent of the Board (which may be withheld in its sole discretion and is expected to be granted, if at all, only under extenuating circumstances). |
| Notice of a proposed transfer of Shares must be accompanied by properly completed transfer information documents in respect of the proposed transferee and must include evidence satisfactory to the Board that the proposed transferee, at the time of the transfer, meets any requirements imposed by the Fund with respect to investor eligibility and suitability. Each transferring Shareholder and transferee may be charged reasonable expenses, including attorneys’ and accountants’ fees, incurred by the Fund in connection with the transfer. |
Unlisted Closed-End Structure; Limited Liquidity |
Shares are not listed on any securities exchange, and it is not anticipated that a secondary market for Shares will develop. In addition, Shares are subject to limitations on transferability and liquidity will be provided only through limited repurchase offers described below. An investment in the Fund is suitable only for Shareholders who can bear the risks associated with the limited liquidity of the Shares and should be viewed as a long-term investment. See “Risks—Risks Related to Our Investments—The lack of liquidity in the Fund’s investments may adversely affect the Fund’s business.” |
Taxes; RIC Status |
The Fund intends to elect to be treated, and expects each year to qualify, as a RIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As such, the Fund generally will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on its investment company taxable income and net capital gain, if any, that it distributes each year. |
| Prospective investors should consult their own tax advisers with respect to the specific U.S. federal, state, local, U.S. and non-U.S. tax consequences, including applicable tax reporting requirements. |
Tax Reports |
The Fund will distribute to its Shareholders (through such Shareholders’ financial intermediary), after the end of each calendar year, IRS Forms 1099-DIV detailing the amounts includible in such Shareholder’s taxable income for such year as ordinary dividend income, qualified dividend income and long-term capital gains. Dividends and other taxable distributions are taxable to the Fund’s Shareholders even if they are reinvested in additional Shares pursuant to the DRIP. |
Reports to Shareholders |
The Fund will provide Shareholders with an audited annual report and an unaudited semi-annual report within 60 days after the close of the reporting period for which the report is being made, or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Shareholders will also receive quarterly commentary regarding the Fund’s operations and investments. |
Fiscal and Tax Year |
The Fund’s fiscal year is the 12-month period ending on December 31. The Fund’s taxable year is the 12-month period ending on December 31. |
Term |
The Fund’s term is perpetual unless the Fund is otherwise terminated under the terms of the Declaration of Trust. |
Custodian and Transfer Agent |
The Bank of New York Mellon serves as the Fund’s custodian, and SS&C serves as the Fund’s transfer agent. |
ERISA |
Investors subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”), including employee benefit plans and individual retirement accounts, may purchase Shares. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” subject to the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. Thus, it is not intended that the Manager or BSP will be a “fiduciary” within the meaning of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code with respect to the assets of any “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of Section 3(42) of ERISA that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the Shareholder’s investment in the Fund. For a discussion of certain ERISA related considerations relating to an investment in the Fund, see “Certain ERISA Considerations”. |
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class M Shares |
Class I Shares |
Class R6 Shares |
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Maximum Sales Load ( (1) |
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Maximum Early Repurchase Fee (as a percentage of repurchased amount) (2) |
% | % | % | % | % | |||||||||||||||
Estimated Annual Operating Expenses (as a percentage of net assets attributable to Shares) |
Class S Shares |
Class D Shares |
Class M Shares |
Class I Shares |
Class R6 Shares |
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Management Fee (3) |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% | |||||||||||||||
Other Expenses (4) |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% | |||||||||||||||
Distribution and Servicing Fee |
% |
% |
% |
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Interest Payments on Borrowed Funds |
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Total Annual Expenses |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% | |||||||||||||||
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (5) |
( |
)% |
( |
)% |
( |
)% |
( |
)% |
( |
)% | ||||||||||
Total Annual Expenses (After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement) |
% |
% |
% |
% |
% | |||||||||||||||
| (1) | No upfront sales load will be paid with respect to the Shares, however, if you buy Class S Shares, Class D Shares or Class M Shares through certain financial intermediaries, they may directly charge you transaction or other fees, including upfront placement fees or brokerage commissions, in such about as they may determine, provided that financial intermediaries limit such charges to a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class S Shares, a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class D Shares or a 3.0% cap on NAV for Class M Shares. Financial intermediaries will not charge such fees on Class I Shares or Class R6 Shares. Your financial intermediary may impose additional charges when you purchase Shares of the Fund. Please consult your financial intermediary for additional information. |
| (2) | A 2.00% Early Repurchase Fee payable to the Fund may be charged with respect to the repurchase of Shares at any time prior to the day immediately preceding the one-year anniversary of a Shareholder’s purchase of the Shares (on a “first in—first out” basis). An Early Repurchase Fee payable by a Shareholder may be waived in circumstances where the Board determines that doing so is in the best interests of the Fund and in a manner that will not discriminate unfairly against any Shareholder. The Early Repurchase Fee will be retained by the Fund for the benefit of the remaining Shareholders. |
| (3) |
| (4) |
| (5) | Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement (the “Expense Limitation Agreement”) with the Fund, the Manager has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, any Distribution and Servicing Fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and |
structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit) and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.25% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average daily net assets of the Shares. thirty-six months after the month in which the Manager incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending one year from the date the Fund commences operations, and the Manager may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. The Manager may not terminate the Expense Limitation Agreement during its initial one-year term. |
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class S Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class D Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class M Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class I Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $1,000 Class R6 Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
1 Year |
3 Years |
5 Years |
10 Years |
|||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $2,500 Class S Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $2,500 Class D Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $2,500 Class M Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $2,500 Class I Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
You would pay the following expenses on a $2,500 Class R6 Shares investment, assuming a 5% annual return: |
$ |
$ |
$ |
$ |
||||||||||||
| • | sourcing of primarily private debt opportunities through BSP’s extensive proprietary networks and close relationships; |
| • | prioritizing non-competitive, “strategic capital” opportunities, including investments without private equity firm backing; |
| • | leveraging creative and flexible approach to providing capital; |
| • | optimizing investment level risk/return profile; |
| • | maintaining fund-level downside protection through world-class risk management and multi-dimensional diversification; and |
| • | taking advantage of opportunities BSP believes are mispriced. |



1 |
Potential investors should note that definitions of “middle market” used throughout this discussion and third-party classifications of “middle market” differ from BSP’s definition of “middle market” for purposes of the Fund. |
2 |
“1H 2024 Middle Market Indicator Overview”. National Center for the Middle Market. 2024. |
3 |
Source: “Refinitiv Middle Market 3Q24 Review.” September 2024. |


4 |
Source: Bloomberg “Billion Dollar Deals See Private Credit Step Out of the Shadows” July 2020. |



| • | result in misstated financial reports, violations of loan covenants, missed reporting deadlines; |
| • | affect our ability to properly monitor our compliance with the rules and regulations regarding our qualification as a RIC; |
| • | result in the unauthorized access to, and destruction, loss, theft, misappropriation or release of, proprietary, confidential, sensitive or otherwise valuable information, which others could use to compete against us or for disruptive, destructive or otherwise harmful purposes and outcomes; |
| • | result in liability to us for claims by Shareholders and third-parties; |
| • | require significant management attention and resources to remedy any damages that result; or |
| • | adversely impact our reputation among investors. |
| • | Although our Manager, BSP and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations intend to continue to implement industry-standard security measures, there can be no assurance that those measures will be sufficient, and any material adverse effect experienced by our Manager, BSP and other parties that provide us with services essential to our operations could, in turn, have an adverse impact on us. |
| • | The annual distribution requirement (the “Annual Distribution Requirement”) for a RIC will be satisfied if we distribute to our Shareholders on an annual basis at least 90% of our investment company taxable income (as defined by the Code and determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid). We may be subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax on any of our undistributed income or gain. Additionally, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible federal excise tax to the extent that we do not satisfy certain additional minimum distribution requirements on a calendar-year basis. Because we use debt financing, we are subject to an asset coverage ratio requirement under the 1940 Act and may in the future become subject to certain financial covenants under loan and credit agreements that could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements. Also, share repurchases could, under certain circumstances, restrict us from making distributions necessary to satisfy the distribution requirements. In such cases, if we are unable to obtain cash from other sources, we could fail to qualify for RIC tax treatment and thus become subject to corporate-level U.S. federal income tax. |
| • | The income source requirement will be satisfied if at least 90% of our gross income for such tax year consists of dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of shares, securities or foreign currencies, other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to our business of investing in such shares, securities or currencies, and net income derived from interests in “qualified publicly-traded partnerships.” |
| • | The asset diversification requirement will be satisfied if we meet certain asset diversification requirements at the end of each quarter of our taxable year. To satisfy this requirement, (i) at least 50% of the value of our assets must consist of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs, and other acceptable securities if such other securities of any one issuer to not represent more than 5% of the value of our assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer and (ii) no more than 25% of the value of our assets can be invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of one issuer, of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under applicable Code rules, by us and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or of certain “qualified publicly traded partnerships.” Failure to meet these requirements may result in us having to dispose of certain investments quickly in order to |
| prevent the loss of RIC status. Because most of our investments will be in private companies, and therefore will be relatively illiquid, any such dispositions could be made at disadvantageous prices and could result in substantial losses. |
| • | the likelihood of greater volatility of NAV of the Shares than a comparable portfolio without leverage; |
| • | the risk that fluctuations in interest rates or dividend rates on any leverage that the Fund must pay will reduce the return to Shareholders; |
| • | the effect of leverage in a declining market, which is likely to cause a greater decline in the NAV of the Shares than if the Fund were not leveraged; and |
| • | leverage may increase operating costs, which may reduce total return. |
| • | the higher interest rates on PIK instruments reflect the payment deferral and increased credit risk associated with these instruments, and PIK instruments generally represent a significantly higher credit risk than coupon loans; |
| • | OID and PIK instruments may have unreliable valuations because the accruals require judgments about collectability of the deferred payments and the value of any associated collateral; |
• |
an election to defer PIK interest payments by adding them to the principal on such instruments increases the Fund’s future investment income which increases the Fund’s net assets and, as such, increases the Manager’s future management fees; |
| • | market prices of PIK instruments and other zero coupon instruments are affected to a greater extent by interest rate changes, and may be more volatile than instruments that pay interest periodically in cash. While PIK instruments are usually less volatile than zero coupon debt instruments, PIK instruments are generally more volatile than cash pay securities; |
| • | the deferral of PIK interest on an instrument increases the loan-to-value ratio, which is a measure of the riskiness of a loan, with respect to such instrument; |
| • | even if the conditions for income accrual under US GAAP are satisfied, a borrower could still default when actual payment is due upon the maturity of such loan; |
| • | the required recognition of OID or PIK interest for U.S. federal income tax purposes may have a negative impact on liquidity, as it represents a non-cash component of the Fund’s investment company taxable income that may require cash distributions to Shareholders in order to maintain the Fund’s ability to be subject to tax as a RIC; and |
| • | Credit risk-the risk that the counterparty in a Derivative transaction will be unable to honor its financial obligation to the Fund, or the risk that the reference entity in a credit default swap or similar Derivative will not be able to honor its financial obligations. Certain participants in the Derivatives market, including larger financial institutions, have recently experienced significant financial hardship and deteriorating credit conditions. If the Fund’s counterparty to a Derivative transaction experiences a loss of capital, or is perceived to lack adequate capital or access to capital, it may experience margin calls or other regulatory requirements to increase equity. Under such circumstances, the risk that a counterparty will be unable to honor its obligations may increase substantially. If a counterparty becomes bankrupt or otherwise fails to perform its obligations under a derivative contract, the Fund may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery under the derivative contract in bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. The Fund may obtain only a limited recovery or may obtain no recovery in such circumstances. |
| • | Currency risk-the risk that changes in the exchange rate between two currencies will adversely affect the value (in U.S. dollar terms) of an investment. |
| • | Leverage risk-the risk associated with certain types of Derivative strategies that relatively small market movements may result in large changes in the value of an investment. Certain investments or trading strategies that involve leverage can result in losses that greatly exceed the amount originally invested. |
| • | Liquidity risk-the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time that the seller would like or at the price that the seller believes the security is currently worth. This risk is heightened to the extent the Fund engages in OTC Derivative transactions. |
| • | Correlation risk-the risk that changes in the value of a Derivative will not match the changes in the value of the portfolio holdings that are being hedged or of the particular market, security or loan to which the Fund seeks exposure. |
| • | Index risk-if the Derivative is linked to the performance of an index, it will be subject to the risks associated with changes in that index. If the index changes, the Fund could receive lower interest payments or experience a reduction in the value of the Derivative to below what the Fund paid. Certain indexed securities, including inverse securities (which move in an opposite direction to the index), may create leverage, to the extent that they increase or decrease in value at a rate that is a multiple of the changes in the applicable index. |
| • | Regulatory risk-various legislative and regulatory initiatives may impact the availability, liquidity and cost of Derivatives, including potentially limiting or restricting the ability of the Fund to use certain Derivatives or certain counterparties as a part of its investment strategy, increasing the costs of using these instruments or making these instruments less effective. |
| • | Counterparty risk- if a counterparty fails to meet its contractual obligations, goes bankrupt, or otherwise experiences a business interruption, the Fund could miss investment opportunities or otherwise hold investments it would prefer to sell, resulting in losses for the Fund. |
| • | which share classes are available to you; |
| • | how much you intend to invest; |
| • | how long you expect to own the shares; and |
| • | total costs and expenses associated with a particular share class. |
Share Class |
Amount Authorized |
Amount Outstanding |
||||||
Unlimited |
||||||||
Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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Unlimited |
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| • | an individual who is a citizen or resident of the United States; |
| • | a corporation, or other entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state thereof or the District of Columbia; |
| • | a trust, if a court within the United States has primary supervision over its administration and one or more U.S. persons (as defined in the Code) have the authority to control all of its substantial decisions, or if the trust has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a domestic trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or |
| • | an estate, the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source. |
| • | Elect to be treated and qualify as a registered management company under the 1940 Act at all times during each taxable year; |
| • | derive in each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from (a) dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, gains from the sale of stock, securities, or foreign currencies or other |
income (including certain deemed inclusions) derived with respect to the Fund’s business of investing in such stock, securities, foreign currencies or other income, or (b) net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (“QPTP”) (collectively, the “90% Gross Income Test”); and |
| • | diversify its holdings so that at the end of each quarter of the taxable year: |
| • | at least 50% of the value of its assets consists of cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities that, with respect to any issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s assets or more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer; and |
| • | no more than 25% of the value of its assets is invested in the securities, other than U.S. government securities or securities of other RICs, of (i) one issuer, (ii) or of two or more issuers that are controlled, as determined under the Code, by the Fund and that are engaged in the same or similar or related trades or businesses or (iii) securities of one or more QPTPs (collectively, the “Diversification Tests”). |
| • | results in a “complete termination” of such U.S. Shareholder’s ownership of Shares in the Fund; |
| • | results in a “substantially disproportionate” redemption with respect to such U.S. Shareholder; or |
| • | is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the U.S. Shareholder. |
FRANKLIN BSP LENDING FUND
Class S Shares
Class D Shares
Class M Shares
Class I Shares
Class R6 Shares
January 8, 2026
Franklin BSP Lending Fund (the “Fund”) is a non-diversified, closed-end management investment company with a limited operating history. The Fund operates as an interval fund. This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) relating to the Shares does not constitute a prospectus, but should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus relating thereto dated January 8, 2026. This SAI, which is not a prospectus, does not include all information that a prospective investor should consider before purchasing Shares, and investors should obtain and read the Prospectus prior to purchasing such Shares. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling (888) 777-0102, by writing to the Fund at One Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010 or by visiting www.alternativesbyft.com. You may also obtain a copy of the Prospectus on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. Capitalized terms used but not defined in this SAI have the meanings ascribed to them in the Prospectus.
References to the Investment Company Act of 1940 Act, as amended (the “1940 Act”), or other applicable law, will include any rules promulgated thereunder and any guidance, interpretations or modifications by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, including court interpretations, and exemptive, no-action or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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| B-2 | ||||
| C-1 |
i
ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT POLICIES
The investment objective and the principal investment strategies of the Fund, as well as the principal risks associated with such investment strategies, are set forth in the Prospectus. The following disclosure supplements the disclosure set forth under the captions “Investment Objective and Strategy” and “Risks” in the Prospectus and does not, by itself, present a complete or accurate explanation of the matters discussed. Prospective investors also should refer to “Investment Objective and Strategy” and “Risks” in the Prospectus for a complete presentation of the matters disclosed below.
Fundamental Policies
The following restrictions are the Fund’s only fundamental policies—that is, policies that cannot be changed without the approval of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (a “1940 Act Vote”). For the purposes of the foregoing, a “majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities” means the lesser of (i) 67% of the shares represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding shares are represented or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares. The other policies and investment restrictions are not fundamental polices of the Fund and may be changed by the Fund’s Board without shareholder approval and on prior notice to Shareholders. If a percentage restriction set forth below is adhered to at the time a transaction is effected, later changes in percentage resulting from any cause other than actions by the Fund will not be considered a violation. Under its fundamental restrictions:
Underwriting: The Fund may not engage in the business of underwriting the securities of other issuers except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
Lending: The Fund may lend money or other assets to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
Senior Securities: The Fund may not issue senior securities or borrow money except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
Real Estate: The Fund may not purchase or sell real estate except as permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
Commodities: The Fund may purchase or sell commodities or contracts related to commodities to the extent permitted by (i) the 1940 Act, or interpretations or modifications by the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, or (ii) exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority.
Concentration: Except as permitted by exemptive or other relief or permission from the SEC, SEC staff or other authority with appropriate jurisdiction, the Fund may not make any investment if, as a result, the Fund’s investments will be concentrated in any one industry.
The Fund has also adopted the following fundamental policies with respect to repurchase offers to take effect upon the effectiveness of this registration statement:
| • | On a quarterly basis, the Fund will make an offer to repurchase a designated percentage of the outstanding Shares from Shareholders (a “Repurchase Offer”), pursuant to Rule 23c-3 under the 1940 Act. |
1
| • | The Fund will repurchase shares that are tendered by a specific date (the “Repurchase Request Deadline”). Each Repurchase Request Deadline will be determined in accordance with Rule 23c-3, as may be amended from time to time. Currently, Rule 23c-3 requires the repurchase request deadline to be no less than 21 and no more than 42 days after the Fund sends a notification to shareholders of the Repurchase Offer. |
| • | Each Repurchase Pricing Date (as defined in Rule 23c-3) will be determined in accordance with Rule 23c-3, as may be amended from time to time. Currently, Rule 23c-3 requires the Repurchase Pricing Date to be no later than the 14th day after a Repurchase Request Deadline, or the next business day if the 14th day is not a business day. |
The following notations are not considered to be part of the Fund’s fundamental restrictions and are subject to change without shareholder approval.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to underwriting set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from engaging in the underwriting business or from underwriting the securities of other issuers. A fund engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act. Under the Securities Act, an underwriter may be liable for material omissions or misstatements in an issuer’s registration statement or prospectus. Securities purchased from an issuer and not registered for sale under the Securities Act are considered restricted securities. There may be a limited market for these securities. If these securities are registered under the Securities Act, they may then be eligible for sale but participating in the sale may subject the seller to underwriter liability. These risks could apply to a fund investing in restricted securities. Although it is not believed that the application of the Securities Act provisions described above would cause the Fund to be engaged in the business of underwriting, the policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from engaging in transactions involving the acquisition or disposition of portfolio securities, regardless of whether the Fund may be considered to be an underwriter under the Securities Act.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to lending set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from making loans; however, SEC staff interpretations currently prohibit funds from lending more than one-third of their total assets, except through the purchase of debt obligations or the use of repurchase agreements. (A repurchase agreement is an agreement to purchase a security, coupled with an agreement to sell that security back to the original seller on an agreed-upon date at a price that reflects current interest rates. The SEC frequently treats repurchase agreements as loans.) The Fund also will be permitted by this policy to make loans of money, including to other funds. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from purchasing or investing in debt obligations and loans. In addition, collateral arrangements with respect to options, forward currency and futures transactions and other derivative instruments, as well as delays in the settlement of securities transactions, will not be considered loans.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to issuing senior securities set forth above, “senior securities” are defined as any bond, debenture, note, or similar obligation or instrument constituting a security and evidencing indebtedness, and any stock of a class having priority over any other class as to distribution of assets or payment of dividends. Under the 1940 Act, a “senior security” does not include any promissory note or evidence of indebtedness where such loan is for temporary purposes only and in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of the total assets of the issuer at the time the loan is made. A loan is presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within sixty days and is not extended or renewed.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to borrowing money set forth above, the 1940 Act requires the Fund to maintain at all times an asset coverage of at least 300% of the amount of its borrowings. For the purpose of borrowing money, “asset coverage” means the ratio that the value of the Fund’s total assets, minus liabilities other than borrowings, bears to the aggregate amount of all borrowings. Certain trading practices and investments may be considered to be borrowings and thus subject to the 1940 Act restrictions. On the other hand,
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certain practices and investments may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act, such as the purchasing of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis, entering into reverse repurchase agreements, credit default swaps or futures contracts, engaging in short sales and writing options on portfolio securities, so long as the Fund complies with an applicable exemption in Rule 18f-4. Borrowing money to increase portfolio holdings is known as “leveraging.” Borrowing, especially when used for leverage, may cause the value of the Fund’s shares to be more volatile than if the Fund did not borrow. This is because borrowing tends to magnify the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of the Fund’s portfolio holdings. Borrowed money thus creates an opportunity for greater gains, but also greater losses. To repay borrowings, the Fund may have to sell securities at a time and at a price that is unfavorable to the Fund. There also are costs associated with borrowing money, and these costs would offset and could eliminate the Fund’s net investment income in any given period. The policy above will be interpreted to permit the Fund to engage in trading practices and investments that may be considered to be borrowing to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act. Short-term credits necessary for the settlement of securities transactions and arrangements with respect to securities lending will not be considered to be borrowings under the policy. Practices and investments that may involve leverage but are not considered to be borrowings are not subject to the policy.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to real estate set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning real estate. Investing in real estate may involve risks, including that real estate is generally considered illiquid and may be difficult to value and sell. Owners of real estate may be subject to various liabilities, including environmental liabilities. The policy above will be interpreted not to prevent the Fund from investing in real estate-related companies, companies whose businesses consist in whole or in part of investing in real estate, instruments (like mortgages) that are secured by real estate or interests therein, or real estate investment trust securities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to commodities set forth above, the 1940 Act does not prohibit a fund from owning commodities, whether physical commodities and contracts related to physical commodities (such as oil or grains and related futures contracts), or financial commodities and contracts related to financial commodities (such as currencies and, possibly, currency futures). If the Fund were to invest in a physical commodity or a physical commodity-related instrument, the Fund would be subject to the additional risks of the particular physical commodity and its related market. The value of commodities and commodity-related instruments may be extremely volatile and may be affected either directly or indirectly by a variety of factors. There also may be storage charges and risks of loss associated with physical commodities. The policy above will be interpreted to permit investments in exchange traded funds that invest in physical and/or financial commodities.
With respect to the fundamental policy relating to concentration set forth above, the 1940 Act does not define what constitutes “concentration” in an industry or groups of industries. The SEC staff has taken the position that investment of 25% or more of a fund’s total assets in one or more issuers conducting their principal activities in the same industry or group of industries constitutes concentration. It is possible that interpretations of concentration could change in the future. A fund that invests a significant percentage of its total assets in a single industry may be particularly susceptible to adverse events affecting that industry and may be more risky than a fund that does not concentrate in an industry. The policy above will be interpreted to refer to concentration as that term may be interpreted from time to time. In addition, the term industry will be interpreted to include a related group of industries. The policy also will be interpreted to permit investment without limit in the following: securities of the U.S. government and its agencies or instrumentalities (including, for the avoidance of doubt, U.S. agency mortgage-backed securities); securities of state, territory, possession or municipal governments and their authorities, agencies, instrumentalities or political subdivisions; securities of foreign governments; and repurchase agreements collateralized by any such obligations. Accordingly, issuers of the foregoing securities will not be considered to be members of any industry. There also will be no limit on investment in issuers domiciled in a single jurisdiction or country. Finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of the parents. Each foreign government will be considered to be a member of a separate industry. With respect to the Fund’s industry
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classifications, the Fund currently utilizes any one or more of the industry sub-classifications used by one or more widely recognized market indexes or rating group indexes, and/or as defined by the Manager. In the absence of such classification or if the Manager determines in good faith based on its own information that the economic characteristics affecting a particular issuer make it more appropriate to be considered engaged in a different industry, the Manager may classify an issuer accordingly. Accordingly, the composition of an industry or group of industries may change from time to time. The policy also will be interpreted to give broad authority to the Fund as to how to classify issuers within or among industries. The investment restrictions and other policies described herein do not apply to any investment vehicles. The Fund will, however, consider the investments held by investment vehicles, to the extent known, in determining whether its investments are concentrated in any particular industry or groups of industries.
The Fund’s fundamental policies are written and will be interpreted broadly. For example, the policies will be interpreted to refer to the 1940 Act and the related rules as they are in effect from time to time, and to interpretations and modifications of or relating to the 1940 Act by the SEC and others as they are given from time to time. When a policy provides that an investment practice may be conducted as permitted by the 1940 Act, the policy will be interpreted to mean either that the 1940 Act expressly permits the practice or that the 1940 Act does not prohibit the practice.
The Fund’s investment objective is non-fundamental and may be changed with the approval of the Fund’s Board and prior notice to Shareholders.
The Fund’s policy to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes) in debt investments is non-fundamental and may be changed by the Fund’s Board, upon 60 days’ prior written notice to Shareholders. For purposes of compliance with this 80% policy, the fund may invest directly in debt investments or indirectly through investments in securitization vehicles, investment companies, private funds or specialty finance companies that hold debt investments.
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INVESTMENT PRACTICES, TECHNIQUES AND RISKS
The following information supplements the discussion of the Fund’s investment objective, policies, techniques and risks that are described in the Prospectus. The Fund may invest in the following instruments and use the following investment techniques, subject to any limitations set forth in the Prospectus. There is no guarantee the Fund will buy all of the types of securities or use any or all of the investment techniques described herein.
Bank Loans and Participations
The Fund’s investment program may include bank loans and participations. These obligations are subject to unique risks, including (i) the possible avoidance of an investment transaction as a “preferential transfer,” “fraudulent conveyance” or “fraudulent transfer,” among other avoidance actions, under relevant bankruptcy, insolvency and/or creditors’ rights laws; (ii) so-called “lender liability” claims by the issuer of the obligations; (iii) environmental liabilities that may arise with respect to collateral securing the obligations; (iv) limitations on the ability of the Fund to directly enforce its rights with respect to participations; and (v) the contractual nature of participations where the Fund takes on the credit risk of the agent bank rather than the actual borrower.
The Fund may acquire interests in loans either directly (by way of assignment) or indirectly (by way of participation). The Fund typically acquires loans by assignment, but may in some instances purchase loans by participation. The purchaser of an assignment typically succeeds to all the rights and obligations of the assigning institution and becomes a contracting party under the loan agreement with respect to the loan; however, its rights can be more restricted than those of the assigning institution. Participation in a portion of a loan typically results in a contractual relationship only with the institution participating out the interest and not with the obligor. The Fund would, in such a case, have the right to receive payments of principal and interest to which it is entitled only from the institution selling the participation, and not directly from the obligor, and only upon receipt by such institution of such payments from the obligor. As the owner of a participation, the Fund generally will have no right to enforce compliance by the obligor with the terms of the loan agreement or to vote on amendments to the loan agreement, nor any rights of set-off against the obligor, and the Fund may not directly benefit from collateral supporting the loan in which it has purchased the participation. In addition, in the event of the insolvency of the selling institution, the Fund may be treated as a general creditor of such selling institution, and may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the selling institution’s interest in, or the collateral with respect to, the applicable loan. Consequently, the Fund will assume the credit risk of both the obligor and the institution selling the participation to the Fund. As a result, concentrations of participations from any one selling institution subject the Fund to an additional degree of risk with respect to defaults by such selling institution.
Fixed-Income Instruments
The Fund invests in fixed-income instruments, such as high-yield corporate debt securities or bonds. Corporate bonds (“Corporate Bonds”) and other fixed-income instruments are typically originated, negotiated and structured by a U.S. or foreign commercial bank, insurance company, finance company or other financial institution (the “Underwriter”) for a group of investors (“Bond Investors”). In secured fixed-income instrument offerings, an institution, typically but not always an agent affiliated with the Underwriter, holds any collateral on behalf of the Bond Investors. The Fund may purchase fixed-income instruments either directly from the Underwriter or from a Bond Investor.
An issuer of fixed-income instruments must typically comply with the terms contained in a note purchase agreement or indenture between the issuer and the holders of the instruments (the “Bond Agreement”). These Bond Agreements generally detail the schedule of payments and also place certain restrictive financial and other covenants on the issuer, similar to those in loan agreements. A trustee typically administers and enforces the terms of the Bond Agreement and the fixed-income instrument on behalf of all holders of the instrument.
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The rights of holders of high-yield corporate debt securities or bonds are generally subordinate to any existing senior or secured lenders in the issuer’s capital structure and are structurally subordinated to the rights of any existing or future lenders to an issuer’s subsidiaries that do not guarantee the high-yield corporate debt securities or bonds, and thus have a lower priority in payment than such lenders.
Commercial Real Estate Loans
Senior Mortgage Loans. These mortgage loans are typically secured by first liens on commercial properties, including the following property types: office, multifamily, retail, industrial, hospitality and mixed-use. In some cases, first lien mortgages may be divided into an A-Note and a B-Note. The A-Note is typically a privately negotiated loan that is secured by a first mortgage on a commercial property or group of related properties that is senior to a B-Note secured by the same first mortgage property or group.
Subordinated Debt. These loans may include structurally subordinated first mortgage loans and junior participations in first mortgage loans or participations in these types of assets. As noted above, a B-Note is typically a privately negotiated loan that is secured by a first mortgage on a commercial property or group of related properties and is subordinated to an A-Note secured by the same first mortgage property or group. The subordination of a B-Note or junior participation typically is evidenced by participations or intercreditor agreements with other holders of interests in the note. B-Notes are subject to more credit risk with respect to the underlying mortgage collateral than the corresponding A-Note.
Preferred Equity. Real estate preferred equity investments are subordinate to first mortgage loans and are not collateralized by the property underlying the investment. As a holder of preferred equity, the Fund seeks to enhance its position with covenants that limit the activities of the entity in which the Fund has an interest and protect the Fund’s equity by obtaining an exclusive right to control the underlying property after an event of default, should such a default occur on the Fund’s investment.
Mezzanine Loans. Like B-Notes, these loans are also subordinated, but are usually secured by a pledge of the borrower’s equity ownership in the entity that owns the property or by a second lien mortgage on the property. In a liquidation, these loans are generally junior to any mortgage liens on the underlying property, but senior to any preferred equity or common equity interests in the entity that owns the property. Investor rights are usually governed by intercreditor agreements.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities (“CMBS”) are fixed income instruments that are secured by mortgage loans on commercial real property. CMBS typically take the form of multi-class debt or pass-through certificates secured by mortgage loans on commercial properties. They generally are structured to provide protection to investors in senior tranches against potential losses on the underlying mortgage loans. Such protection generally is provided by causing holders of subordinated classes of securities (“Subordinated CMBS”) to take the first loss in the event of defaults on the underlying commercial mortgage loans. The Fund may invest in CMBS of any credit quality, including, without limitation, CMBS are subject to credit risk and prepayment risk. Although prepayment risk is present, it is of a lesser degree in CMBS than in the residential mortgage market; commercial real estate property loans often contain provisions which substantially reduce the likelihood that such securities will be prepaid (e.g., significant prepayment penalties on loans and, in some cases, prohibition on principal payments for several years following origination).
Debtor-in-Possession (“DIP”) Loans
The Fund may invest in or extend loans to companies that have filed for protection under Chapter 11 of the United States Bankruptcy Code. These DIP loans are most often working-capital facilities put into place at the
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outset of a Chapter 11 case to provide the debtor with both immediate cash and the ongoing working capital that will be required during the reorganization process. While such loans are generally viewed as less risky than many other types of loans as a result of their seniority in the debtor’s capital structure, their underlying collateral and because their terms will have been approved by a federal bankruptcy court order, the debtor’s reorganization efforts may fail and the proceeds of the ensuing liquidation of the DIP lender’s collateral might be insufficient to repay the DIP loan.
Lender Liability
Under common law principles that in some cases form the basis for lender liability claims, if a lender (i) intentionally takes an action that results in the undercapitalization of a borrower or issuer to the detriment of other creditors of such borrower or issuer; (ii) engages in other inequitable conduct to the detriment of such other creditors; or (iii) engages in fraud with respect to, or makes misrepresentations to, such other creditors, a court may elect to subordinate the claim of the offending lender or bondholder to the claims of the disadvantaged creditor or creditors (a remedy called “equitable subordination”). The Fund does not intend to engage in conduct that would form the basis for a successful cause of action based upon the equitable subordination doctrine; however, because of the nature of the debt obligations, the Fund may be subject to claims from creditors of an obligor that debt obligations of such obligor which are held by the Fund should be equitably subordinated.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
The Fund may not be able to readily dispose of illiquid securities at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such securities if they were more widely traded and, as a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations.
The Fund may purchase certain securities eligible for resale to qualified institutional buyers as contemplated by Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act” and, such securities, “Rule 144A Securities”). Rule 144A provides an exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act for the resale of certain restricted securities to certain qualified institutional buyers. One effect of Rule 144A is that certain restricted securities may be considered liquid, though no assurance can be given that a liquid market for Rule 144A Securities will develop or be maintained. However, where a substantial market of qualified institutional buyers has developed for certain unregistered securities purchased by the Fund pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act, the Fund intends to treat such securities as liquid securities in accordance with procedures approved by the Board. Because it is not possible to predict with assurance how the market for Rule 144A Securities will develop, the Board directs the Manager and BSP, or to carefully monitor the Fund’s investments in such securities with particular regard to trading activity, availability of reliable price information and other relevant information. To the extent that, for a period of time, qualified institutional buyers cease purchasing restricted securities pursuant to Rule 144A, the Fund’s investing in such securities may have the effect of increasing the level of illiquidity in its investment portfolio during such period.
Special Situations
The Fund may invest in companies undergoing work-outs, liquidations, reorganizations, bankruptcies, insolvencies or other fundamental changes or similar transactions. In any investment opportunity involving any such type of special situation, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or new securities the value of which will be less than the purchase price to the Fund of the securities or other financial instruments in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may be required to sell its investment at a loss. The consummation of such transactions can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including but not limited to (i) intervention of a regulatory agency; (ii) market conditions resulting in material changes in securities prices; (iii) compliance with any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or securities
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laws; and (iv) the inability to obtain adequate financing. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies in which the Fund intends to invest, there is a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in such companies.
Rights Offerings and Warrants to Purchase
The Fund may participate in rights offerings and may purchase warrants, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe for and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. Subscription rights normally have a short life span to expiration. The purchase of rights or warrants involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a right or warrant if the right to subscribe for additional shares is not exercised prior to the rights’ or warrants’ expiration. Also, the purchase of rights and/or warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the right and/or warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the related security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
Equity Securities
In addition to common stock, the Fund may invest in other equity securities, including preferred stock, convertible securities and depositary receipts.
Preferred Stock. Preferred stock has a preference over common stock in liquidation (and generally dividends as well) but is subordinated to the liabilities of the issuer in all respects. As a general rule, the market value of preferred stock with a fixed dividend rate and no conversion element varies inversely with interest rates and perceived credit risk, while the market price of convertible preferred stock generally also reflects some element of conversion value. Because preferred stock is junior to debt securities and other obligations of the issuer, deterioration in the credit quality of the issuer will cause greater changes in the value of the issuer’s preferred stock than in more senior credit securities with similar stated yield characteristics. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, preferred stock dividends are payable only if declared by the issuer’s board of trustees. Preferred stock also may be subject to optional or mandatory redemption provisions.
Convertible Securities. Convertible securities are bonds, debentures, notes, preferred stocks or other securities that may be converted into or exchanged for a specified amount of common stock or other equity security of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. A convertible security entitles its holder to receive interest that is generally paid or accrued on debt or a dividend that is paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to nonconvertible income securities in that they ordinarily provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower yields than comparable nonconvertible securities. The investment value of a convertible security is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline. The credit standing of the issuer and other factors also may have an effect on the convertible security’s investment value. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure but are usually subordinated to comparable nonconvertible securities. Convertible securities may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the convertible security’s governing instrument.
Depositary Receipts. The Fund may hold investments in sponsored and unsponsored American depositary receipts (“ADRs”), European depositary receipts (“EDRs”), global depositary receipts (“GDRs”) and other similar global instruments. ADRs typically are issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and evidence ownership of underlying securities issued by a non-U.S. corporation. EDRs, which are sometimes referred to as continental depositary receipts, are receipts issued in Europe, typically by non-U.S. banks and trust companies that evidence ownership of either non-U.S. or domestic underlying securities. GDRs are depositary receipts structured like global debt issues to facilitate trading on an international basis. Unsponsored ADR, EDR and GDR programs are
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organized independently and without the cooperation of the issuer of the underlying securities. As a result, available information concerning the issuer may not be as current as for sponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs, and the prices of unsponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs may be more volatile than if such instruments were sponsored by the issuer. Investments in ADRs, EDRs and GDRs present the additional investment considerations of non-U.S. securities.
Cash Equivalents and Short-Term Debt Securities
For temporary defensive purposes, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash equivalents and short-term debt securities. Short-term debt securities are defined to include, without limitation, the following:
(1) U.S. government securities, including bills, notes and bonds differing as to maturity and rates of interest that are either issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury or by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. U.S. government securities include securities issued by: (a) the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration and Government National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States; (b) the Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and Tennessee Valley Authority, the securities of which are supported by the right of the agency to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; (c) the Federal National Mortgage Association, the securities of which are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase certain obligations of the agency or instrumentality; and (d) the Student Loan Marketing Association, the securities of which are supported only by its credit. While the U.S. government provides financial support to such U.S. government-sponsored agencies or instrumentalities, no assurance can be given that it always will do so since it is not so obligated by law. The U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities do not guarantee the market value of their securities. Consequently, the value of such securities may fluctuate. The economic crisis in the United States during 2008 and 2009 negatively impacted government-sponsored entities. As the real estate market has deteriorated through declining home prices and increasing foreclosure, government-sponsored entities, which back the majority of U.S. mortgages have experienced extreme volatility, and in some cases, a lack of liquidity. The Manager and BSP will monitor developments and seeks to manage the Fund’s portfolio in a manner consistent with achieving the Fund’s investment objectives, but there can be no assurance that it will be successful in doing so.
(2) Certificates of deposit issued against funds deposited in a bank or a savings and loan association. Such certificates are for a definite period of time, earn a specified rate of return and are normally negotiable. The issuer of a certificate of deposit agrees to pay the amount deposited plus interest to the bearer of the certificate on the date specified thereon. Certificates of deposit purchased by the Fund may not be fully insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.
(3) Repurchase agreements, which involve purchases of debt securities. At the time the Fund purchases securities pursuant to a repurchase agreement, it simultaneously agrees to resell and redeliver such securities to the seller, who also simultaneously agrees to buy back the securities at a fixed price and time. This assures a predetermined yield for the Fund during its holding period, since the resale price is always greater than the purchase price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate. Such actions afford an opportunity for the Fund to invest temporarily available cash. The Fund may enter into repurchase agreements only with respect to obligations of the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; certificates of deposit; or bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund may invest. Repurchase agreements may be considered loans to the seller, collateralized by the underlying securities. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the seller to pay the agreed-upon sum on the repurchase date; in the event of default, the repurchase agreement provides that the Fund is entitled to sell the underlying collateral. If the value of the collateral declines after the agreement is entered into, and if the seller defaults under a repurchase agreement when the value of the underlying collateral is less than the repurchase price, the Fund could incur a loss of both principal and interest. The Manager and BSP will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the action is entered into and at all times during the term of the repurchase agreement. The Manager and BSP
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will do so in an effort to determine that the value of the collateral always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price to be paid to the Fund. If the seller were to be subject to a federal bankruptcy proceeding, the ability of the Fund to liquidate the collateral could be delayed or impaired because of certain provisions of the bankruptcy laws.
(4) Commercial paper, which consists of short-term unsecured promissory notes, including variable rate master demand notes issued by corporations to finance their current operations. Master demand notes are direct lending arrangements between the Fund and a corporation. There is no secondary market for such notes. However, they are redeemable by the Fund at any time. The Manager and BSP will consider the financial condition of the corporation (e.g., earning power, cash flow and other liquidity ratios) and will continuously monitor the corporation’s ability to meet all of its financial obligations, because the Fund’s liquidity might be impaired if the corporation were unable to pay principal and interest on demand. Investments in commercial paper will be limited to commercial paper rated in the highest categories by a major rating agency and which mature within one year of the date of purchase or carry a variable or floating rate of interest.
Risks of Foreign Investments
Investments in foreign issuers or securities principally traded outside the United States may involve special risks due to foreign economic, political and legal developments, including favorable or unfavorable changes in currency exchange rates, exchange control regulations (including currency blockage), expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation of assets, and possible difficulty in obtaining and enforcing judgments against foreign entities. The Fund may be subject to foreign taxation on realized capital gains, dividends or interest payable on foreign securities, on transactions in those securities and on the repatriation of proceeds generated from those securities. Transaction-based charges are generally calculated as a percentage of the transaction amount and are paid upon the sale or transfer of portfolio securities subject to such taxes. Any taxes or other charges paid or incurred by the Fund in respect of its foreign securities will reduce the Fund’s yield.
In addition, the tax laws of some foreign jurisdictions in which the Fund may invest are unclear and interpretations of such laws can change over time. As a result, to comply with guidance related to the accounting and disclosure of uncertain tax positions under generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), the Fund may be required to accrue for book purposes certain foreign taxes in respect of its foreign securities or other foreign investments that it may or may not ultimately pay. Such tax accruals will reduce the Fund’s NAV at the time accrued, even though, in some cases, the Fund ultimately will not pay the related tax liabilities. Conversely, the Fund’s NAV will be increased by any tax accruals that are ultimately reversed.
Issuers of foreign securities are subject to different, often less comprehensive, accounting, custody, reporting and disclosure requirements than U.S. issuers. The securities of some foreign governments, companies and securities markets are less liquid, and at times more volatile, than comparable U.S. securities and securities markets. Foreign brokerage commissions and related fees also are generally higher than those in the United States. Investments in foreign securities also may be affected by different custody and/or settlement practices or delayed settlements in some foreign markets. The laws of some foreign countries may limit the Fund’s ability to invest in securities of certain issuers located in those countries. Foreign countries may have reporting requirements with respect to the ownership of securities, and those reporting requirements may be subject to interpretation or change without prior notice to investors. No assurance can be given that the Fund will satisfy applicable foreign reporting requirements at all times.
When-Issued and Forward Commitment Securities
The Fund may purchase securities on a “when-issued” basis and may purchase or sell securities on a “forward commitment” basis to acquire the security or to hedge against anticipated changes in interest rates and prices. When such transactions are negotiated, the price, which is generally expressed in yield terms, is fixed at
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the time the commitment is made, but delivery and payment for the securities take place at a later date. When-issued securities and forward commitments may be sold prior to the settlement date, but the Fund will enter into when-issued and forward commitments only with the intention of actually receiving or delivering the securities, as the case may be. If the Fund disposes of the right to acquire a when-issued security prior to its acquisition or disposes of its right to deliver or receive against a forward commitment, it might incur a gain or loss. There is always a risk that the securities may not be delivered and that the Fund may incur a loss. Settlements in the ordinary course, which may take substantially more than five business days, are not treated by the Fund as when-issued or forward commitment transactions and accordingly are not subject to the foregoing restrictions.
Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis are subject to changes in value (generally changing in the same way, i.e., appreciating when interest rates decline and depreciating when interest rates rise) based upon the public’s perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and changes, actual or anticipated, in the level of interest rates. Securities purchased on a forward commitment or when-issued basis may expose the Fund to risks because they may experience such fluctuations prior to their actual delivery. Purchasing securities on a when-issued basis can involve the additional risks that the yield available in the market when the delivery takes place actually may be higher than that obtained in the transaction itself. Purchasing securities on a forward commitment or when-issued basis when the Fund is fully invested may result in greater potential fluctuation in the Fund’s NAV.
The risks and effect of settlements in the ordinary course on the Fund’s NAV are not the same as the risks and effect of when-issued and forward commitment securities.
The purchase price of when-issued and forward commitment securities are expressed in yield terms, which reference a floating rate of interest, and is therefore subject to fluctuations of the security’s value in the market from the date of the Fund’s commitment (the “Commitment Date”) to the date of the actual delivery and payment for such securities (the “Settlement Date”). There is a risk that, on the Settlement Date, the Fund’s payment of the final purchase price, which is calculated on the yield negotiated on the Commitment Date, will be higher than the market’s valuation of the security on the Settlement Date. This same risk is also borne if the Fund disposes of its right to acquire a when-issued security, or its right to deliver or receive, a forward commitment security, and there is a downward market movement in the value of the security from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. In some instances, no income accrues to the Fund during the period from the Commitment Date to the Settlement Date. On the other hand, the Fund may incur a gain if the Fund invests in when-issued and forward commitment securities and correctly anticipates the rise in interest rates and prices in the market.
The settlements of secondary market purchases of senior loans in the ordinary course, on a settlement date beyond the period expected by loan market participants (i.e., T+7 for par loans and T+20 for distressed loans, in other words more than seven or twenty business days beyond the trade date, respectively) are subject to the delayed compensation mechanics prescribed by the Loan Syndications and Trading Association (“LSTA”). For par loans, income accrues to the buyer of the senior loan (the “Buyer”) during the period beginning on the last date by which the senior loan purchase should have settled (T+7) to and including the actual settlement date. Should settlement of a par senior loan purchase in the secondary market be delayed beyond the T+7 period prescribed by the LSTA, the Buyer is typically compensated for such delay through a payment from the seller of the senior loan (this payment may be netted from the wire released on settlement date for the purchase price of the senior loan paid by the Buyer). In brief, the adjustment is typically calculated by multiplying the notional amount of the trade by the applicable margin in the Loan Agreement prorated for the number of business days (calculated using a year of 360 days) beyond the settlement period prescribed by the LSTA, plus any amendment or consent fees that the buyer should have received. Furthermore, the purchase of a senior loan in the secondary market is typically negotiated and finalized pursuant to a binding trade confirmation, and therefore, the risk of non-delivery of the security to the Fund is reduced or eliminated when compared with such risk when investing in when-issued or forward commitment securities.
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Stressed Investments
The Fund invests in securities and other obligations of companies that involve significant financial or business distress, including companies involved in bankruptcy or other reorganization and liquidation proceedings. In any investment opportunity involving any such type, there exists the risk that the contemplated transaction either will be unsuccessful, will take considerable time or will result in a distribution of cash or new securities, the value of which may be less than the purchase price paid by the Fund for the securities or other financial instruments in respect of which such distribution is received. Similarly, if an anticipated transaction does not in fact occur, the Fund may be required to sell its investment at a loss. The consummation of such transactions can be prevented or delayed by a variety of factors, including, but not limited to: (i) intervention of a regulatory agency; (ii) market conditions resulting in material changes in securities prices; (iii) compliance with any applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or securities laws; and/or (iv) the inability to obtain adequate financing. Because there is substantial uncertainty concerning the outcome of transactions involving financially troubled companies in which the Fund invests, there is a potential risk of loss by the Fund of its entire investment in such companies.
Certain Bankruptcy and Insolvency Issues
Some of the companies in which the Fund invests may be involved in complex bankruptcy or insolvency proceedings in the United States or elsewhere. There are a number of significant risks inherent in the bankruptcy or insolvency process. The Fund cannot guarantee the outcome of any bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding.
Under U.S. bankruptcy or other insolvency proceedings, the Fund may risk taking a loss on its investment and having its claim released or discharged against the debtor and third parties. For example, under a plan of reorganization, the Fund could receive a cash distribution for less than its initial investment or receive securities or other financial instruments in exchange for its claims, which then could be discharged and released against the debtor or other third parties. In addition, through U.S. bankruptcy proceedings, a debtor can effectuate a sale of assets with a purchaser acquiring such assets free and clear of any claims or liens underlying the Fund’s investment, with the Fund having only potential recourse to the proceeds of the sale.
Under certain circumstances, payments or grants of security to the Fund may be reclaimed, recharacterized or avoided if any such payment or grant is later determined by the applicable court to have been a fraudulent conveyance, fraudulent transfer, preferential payment or otherwise subject to avoidance under applicable law. In addition, especially in the case of investments made prior to the commencement of bankruptcy proceedings, creditors can lose their ranking and priority if they exercise “domination and control” of a debtor and other creditors can demonstrate that they have been harmed by such actions.
Many events in a bankruptcy are often beyond the control of the creditors. While creditors may be given an opportunity to object to or otherwise participate in significant actions, there can be no assurance that a court in the exercise of its broad powers or discretion would not approve actions that would be contrary to the interests of the Fund.
The duration of a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding is difficult to predict. A creditor’s return on investment can be adversely impacted by delays while a plan of reorganization is being negotiated, approved by the creditors and confirmed by the bankruptcy court and until the plan ultimately becomes effective. Similar delays can occur while a court considers a sale or other restructuring transaction. In addition, the administrative costs in connection with a bankruptcy or insolvency proceeding are frequently high and will be paid out of the debtor’s estate prior to any return to unsecured creditors or equity holders. If a proceeding involves protracted or difficult litigation, or turns into a liquidation, substantial assets may be devoted to administrative costs. Also, in the early stages of the bankruptcy process, it is often difficult to estimate the extent of, or even to identify, any contingent claims that might be made. Further, certain claims that have priority by law (for example, claims for taxes) may be quite substantial.
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The effect of a bankruptcy filing on or by a portfolio company may adversely and permanently affect the portfolio company. The portfolio company may lose its market position, going concern value and key employees and otherwise become incapable of restoring itself as a viable entity. If the proceeding is converted to a liquidation, the liquidation value of the portfolio company may not equal the liquidation value that was believed to exist at the time of the investment.
Other Portfolio Strategies
Short Sales
The Fund may engage in short sales of securities, particularly of Corporate Bonds and other fixed-income instruments. A short sale is a transaction in which the Fund sells a security it does not own as a means of attractive financing for purchasing other assets or in anticipation that the market price of that security will decline. The Fund may make short sales for financing, for risk management, to maintain portfolio flexibility or to enhance income or gain.
When the Fund makes a short sale, it must borrow the security sold short and deliver it to the broker-dealer through which it made the short sale as collateral for its obligation to deliver the security upon conclusion of the sale. The Fund may have to pay a fee to borrow particular securities and is often obligated to pay over any payments received on such borrowed securities.
The Fund’s obligation to replace the borrowed security may be secured by collateral deposited with the broker-dealer, usually cash, U.S. government securities or other liquid securities. The Fund may also be required to designate on its books and records similar collateral with its custodian to the extent, if any, necessary so that the aggregate collateral value is at all times at least equal to the current market value of the security sold short. Depending on arrangements made with the broker-dealer from which it borrowed the security regarding payment over of any payments received by the Fund on such security, the Fund may not receive any payments (including interest) on its collateral deposited with such broker-dealer.
Short selling involves a number of risks. If a security sold short increases in price, the Fund may have to cover its short position at a higher price than the short sale price, resulting in a loss. The Fund may, but is not expected to, have substantial short positions and may engage in short sales where it does not own or have the immediate right to acquire the security sold short, and as such must borrow those securities to make delivery to the buyer under the short sale transaction. The Fund may not be able to borrow a security that it needs to deliver or it may not be able to close out a short position at an acceptable price and may have to sell related long positions earlier than it had expected. Thus, the Fund may not be able to successfully implement any short sale strategy it employs due to limited availability of desired securities or for other reasons. Also, there is the risk that the counterparty to a short sale may fail to honor its contractual terms, causing a loss to the Fund.
The Fund’s ability to access the pledged collateral may also be impaired in the event the broker becomes bankrupt, insolvent or otherwise fails to comply with the terms of the contract. In such instances, the Fund may not be able to substitute or sell the pledged collateral and may experience significant delays in obtaining any recovery in a bankruptcy or other reorganization proceeding. This may limit the Fund’s investment flexibility, as well as its ability to meet other current obligations.
In times of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions, the Fund may not be able, fully or partially, to implement its short selling strategy. Periods of unusual or adverse market, economic, regulatory or political conditions generally may exist for as long as six months and, in some cases, much longer.
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Derivatives
General Limitations on Futures and Options Transactions. The Fund has filed a notice of eligibility for exclusion from the definition of the term “commodity pool operator” with the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (the “CFTC”) and the National Futures Association, which regulate trading in the futures markets. Pursuant to CFTC Regulation 4.5, the Fund is not subject to regulation as a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act (the “CEA”).
Various exchanges and regulatory authorities have undertaken reviews of options and futures trading in light of market volatility. Among the possible actions that have been presented are proposals to adopt new or more stringent daily price fluctuation limits for futures and options transactions and proposals to increase the margin requirements for various types of futures transactions.
Foreign currency forward contracts. The Fund may enter into foreign currency forward contracts to reduce the Fund’s exposure to foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations in the value of foreign currencies. In a foreign currency forward contract, the Fund agrees to receive or deliver a fixed quantity of one currency for another, at a pre-determined price at a future date. Forward foreign currency contracts are marked-to-market at the applicable forward rate.
There is no guarantee that it will be practical to hedge currency risks or that any efforts to do so will be successful.
Options. The Fund may purchase put and call options on currencies or securities. A put option gives the purchaser the right to compel the writer of the option to purchase from the option holder an underlying currency or security or its equivalent at a specified price at any time during the option period. In contrast, a call option gives the purchaser the right to buy the underlying currency or security covered by the option or its equivalent from the writer of the option at the stated exercise price.
As a holder of a put option, the Fund will have the right to sell the currencies or securities underlying the option and as the holder of a call option, the Fund will have the right to purchase the currencies or securities underlying the option, in each case at their exercise price at any time prior to the option’s expiration date. The Fund may seek to terminate its option positions prior to their expiration by entering into closing transactions. The ability of the Fund to enter into a closing sale transaction depends on the existence of a liquid secondary market. There can be no assurance that a closing purchase or sale transaction can be effected when the Fund so desires.
Certain Considerations Regarding Options. The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets. The purchase of options is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. The purchase of options involves the risk that the premium and transaction costs paid by the Fund in purchasing an option will be lost as a result of unanticipated movements in prices of the securities on which the option is based. Imperfect correlation between the options and securities markets may detract from the effectiveness of attempted hedging. Options transactions may result in significantly higher transaction costs and portfolio turnover for the Fund.
Some, but not all, of the Fund’s derivative instruments may be traded and listed on an exchange. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an options exchange will exist for any particular option at any particular time, and for some options no secondary market on an exchange or elsewhere may exist. If the Fund is unable to effect a closing sale transaction with respect to options on securities that it has purchased, it would have to exercise the option to realize any profit and would incur transaction costs upon the purchase and sale of the underlying securities.
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Futures Contracts. The Fund may enter into securities-related futures contracts, including security futures contracts, as an anticipatory hedge. The Fund’s derivative investments may include sales of futures as an offset against the effect of expected declines in securities prices and purchases of futures as an offset against the effect of expected increases in securities prices. The Fund does not enter into futures contracts which are prohibited under the CEA and will, to the extent required by regulatory authorities, enter only into futures contracts that are traded on exchanges and are standardized as to maturity date and underlying financial instrument. A security futures contract is a legally binding agreement between two parties to purchase or sell in the future a specific quantity of a security or of the component securities of a narrow-based security index, at a certain price. A person who buys a security futures contract enters into a contract to purchase an underlying security and is said to be “long” the contract. A person who sells a security futures contract enters into a contract to sell the underlying security and is said to be “short” the contract. The price at which the contract trades (the “contract price”) is determined by relative buying and selling interest on a regulated exchange.
Transaction costs are incurred when a futures contract is bought or sold and margin deposits must be maintained. To enter into a security futures contract, the Fund must deposit funds with its futures commodities merchant equal to a specified percentage of the current market value of the contract as a performance bond. Moreover, all security futures contracts are marked-to-market at least daily, usually after the close of trading. At that time, the account of each buyer and seller reflects the amount of any gain or loss on the security futures contract based on the contract price established at the end of the day for settlement purposes.
An open position, either a long or short position, is typically closed or liquidated by entering into an offsetting transaction (i.e., an equal and opposite transaction to the one that opened the position) prior to the contract expiration. Traditionally, most futures contracts are liquidated prior to expiration through an offsetting transaction and, thus, holders do not incur a settlement obligation. If the offsetting purchase price is less than the original sale price, a gain will be realized; if it is more, a loss will be realized. Conversely, if the offsetting sale price is more than the original purchase price, a gain will be realized; if it is less, a loss will be realized. The transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. However, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to enter into an offsetting transaction with respect to a particular futures contract at a particular time. If the Fund is not able to enter into an offsetting transaction, the Fund will continue to be required to maintain the margin deposits on the futures contract and the Fund may not be able to realize a gain in the value of its future position or prevent losses from mounting. This inability to liquidate could occur, for example, if trading is halted due to unusual trading activity in either the security futures contract or the underlying security; if trading is halted due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security; if systems failures occur on an exchange or at the firm carrying the position; or, if the position is on an illiquid market. Even if the Fund can liquidate its position, it may be forced to do so at a price that involves a large loss.
Under certain market conditions, it may also be difficult or impossible to manage the risk from open security futures positions by entering into an equivalent but opposite position in another contract month, on another market, or in the underlying security. This inability to take positions to limit the risk could occur, for example, if trading is halted across markets due to unusual trading activity in the security futures contract or the underlying security or due to recent news events involving the issuer of the underlying security.
There can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Fund seeks to close out a futures contract position. The Fund would continue to be required to meet margin requirements until the position is closed, possibly resulting in a decline in the Fund’s NAV. In addition, many of the contracts discussed above are relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active secondary market will develop or continue to exist.
Security futures contracts that are not liquidated prior to expiration must be settled in accordance with the terms of the contract. Depending on the terms of the contract, some security futures contracts are settled by physical delivery of the underlying security. At the expiration of a security futures contract that is settled through physical delivery, a person who is long the contract must pay the final settlement price set by the regulated
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exchange or the clearing organization and take delivery of the underlying securities. Conversely, a person who is short the contract must make delivery of the underlying securities in exchange for the final settlement price. Settlement with physical delivery may involve additional costs.
Depending on the terms of the contract, other security futures contracts are settled through cash settlement. In this case, the underlying security is not delivered. Instead, any positions in such security futures contracts that are open at the end of the last trading day are settled through a final cash payment based on a final settlement price determined by the exchange or clearing organization. Once this payment is made, neither party has any further obligations on the contract.
As noted above, margin is the amount of funds that must be deposited by the Fund to initiate futures trading and to maintain the Fund’s open positions in futures contracts. A margin deposit is intended to ensure the Fund’s performance of the futures contract. The margin required for a particular futures contract is set by the exchange on which the futures contract is traded and may be significantly modified from time to time by the exchange during the term of the futures contract.
If the price of an open futures contract changes (by increase in the case of a sale or by decrease in the case of a purchase) so that the loss on the futures contract reaches a point at which the margin on deposit does not satisfy margin requirements, the broker will require an increase in the margin. However, if the value of a position increases because of favorable price changes in the futures contract so that the margin deposit exceeds the required margin, the broker will pay the excess to the Fund. In computing daily NAV, the Fund marks to market the current value of its open futures contracts. The Fund expects to earn interest income on its margin deposits.
Because of the low margin deposits required, futures contracts trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage. As a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in an immediate and substantial loss or gain to the investor. For example, if at the time of purchase 10% of the value of the futures contract is deposited as margin, a subsequent 10% decrease in the value of the futures contract would result in a total loss of the margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. A 15% decrease would result in a loss equal to 150% of the original margin deposit, before any deduction for the transaction costs, if the account were then closed out. Thus, a purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses in excess of the amount initially invested in the futures contract. However, the Fund would presumably have sustained comparable losses if, instead of the futures contract, it had invested in the underlying financial instrument and sold it after the decline.
In addition to the foregoing, imperfect correlation between futures contracts and the underlying securities may prevent the Fund from achieving the intended hedge or expose the Fund to risk of loss. Under certain market conditions, the prices of security futures contracts may not maintain their customary or anticipated relationships to the prices of the underlying security or index. These pricing disparities could occur, for example, when the market for the security futures contract is illiquid, when the primary market for the underlying security is closed, or when the reporting of transactions in the underlying security has been delayed.
In addition, the value of a position in security futures contracts could be affected if trading is halted in either the security futures contract or the underlying security. In certain circumstances, regulated exchanges are required by law to halt trading in security futures contracts. For example, trading on a particular security futures contract must be halted if trading is halted on the listed market for the underlying security as a result of pending news, regulatory concerns or market volatility. Similarly, trading of a security futures contract on a narrow-based security index must be halted under circumstances where trading is halted on securities accounting for at least 50% of the market capitalization of the index. In addition, regulated exchanges are required to halt trading in all security futures contracts for a specified period of time when the Dow Jones Industrial Average experiences one-day declines of 10%, 20% and 30%. The regulated exchanges may also have discretion under their rules to halt trading in other circumstances, such as when the exchange determines that the halt would be advisable in maintaining a fair and orderly market.
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A trading halt, either by a regulated exchange that trades security futures or an exchange trading the underlying security or instrument, could prevent the Fund from liquidating a position in security futures contracts in a timely manner, which could expose the Fund to a loss.
Each regulated exchange trading a security futures contract may also open and close for trading at different times than other regulated exchanges trading security futures contracts or markets trading the underlying security or securities. Trading in security futures contracts prior to the opening or after the close of the primary market for the underlying security may be less liquid than trading during regular market hours.
Swap Agreements. The Fund may enter into swap agreements. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns, differentials in rates of return or some other amount earned or realized on the “notional amount” of predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. Some swaps are structured to include exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors, such as interest rates, commodity prices, non-U.S. currency rates, mortgage securities, corporate borrowing rates, security prices, indexes or inflation rates. Swap agreements may be negotiated bilaterally and traded OTC between two parties or, in some instances, must be transacted through a futures commission merchant and cleared through a clearinghouse that serves as a central counterparty. Certain risks are reduced (but not eliminated) if a fund invests in cleared swaps. Certain standardized swaps, including certain credit default swaps, are subject to mandatory clearing, and more are expected to be in the future. The counterparty risk for cleared derivatives is generally lower than for uncleared derivatives, but cleared contracts are not risk-free.
Swap agreements may increase or decrease the overall volatility of the Fund’s investments and the price of the shares of the Fund (“Shares”). The performance of swap agreements may be affected by a change in the specific interest rate, currency or other factors that determine the amounts of payments due to and from the Fund. If a swap agreement calls for payments by the Fund, the Fund must be prepared to make such payments when due. In addition, if the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would likely decline, potentially resulting in losses.
Generally, swap agreements have fixed maturity dates that are agreed upon by the parties to the swap. The agreement can be terminated before the maturity date only under limited circumstances, such as default by or insolvency of one of the parties and can be transferred by a party only with the prior written consent of the other party. The Fund may be able to eliminate its exposure under a swap agreement either by assignment or other disposition, or by entering into an offsetting swap agreement with the same party or a similarly creditworthy party. If the counterparty is unable to meet its obligations under the contract, declares bankruptcy, defaults or becomes insolvent, the Fund may not be able to recover the money it expected to receive under the contract.
A swap agreement can be a form of leverage, which can magnify the Fund’s gains or losses.
The use of swaps can cause the Fund to be subject to additional regulatory requirements, which may generate additional Fund expenses.
The Fund monitors any swaps with a view towards ensuring that the Fund remains in compliance with all applicable regulatory, investment and tax requirements.
Equity Swaps. In a typical equity swap, one party agrees to pay another party the return on a security, security index or basket of securities in return for a specified interest rate. By entering into an equity index swap, the index receiver can gain exposure to securities making up the index of securities without actually purchasing those securities. Equity index swaps involve not only the risk associated with investment in the securities represented in the index, but also the risk that the performance of such securities, including dividends, will not exceed the interest that the Fund will be committed to pay under the swap.
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Derivatives Regulatory Risk. In August 2022, Rule 18f-4 under the 1940 Act, regarding the ability of a registered investment company to use derivatives and other transactions that create future payment or delivery obligations (except reverse repurchase agreements and similar financing transactions), became effective. Under the new rule, registered investment companies that make significant use of derivatives are required to operate subject to a value-at-risk leverage limit, adopt a derivatives risk management program and appoint a derivatives risk manager, and comply with various testing and board reporting requirements. Such requirements may limit the ability of the Fund to invest in derivatives, short sales and similar financing transactions, limit the Fund’s ability to employ certain strategies that use these instruments and/or adversely affect the Fund’s efficiency in implementing its strategy, liquidity and/or ability to pursue its investment objective.
Zero Coupon and PIK Bonds
The Fund may invest in zero coupon or PIK bonds. Because investors in zero coupon or PIK bonds receive no cash prior to the maturity or cash payment date applicable thereto, an investment in such securities generally has a greater potential for complete loss of principal and/or return than an investment in debt securities that make periodic interest payments. Such investments are more vulnerable to the creditworthiness of the issuer and any other parties upon which performance relies.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may enter into reverse repurchase agreements with respect to its portfolio investments subject to the investment restrictions set forth herein. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by the Fund with an agreement by the Fund to repurchase the securities at an agreed upon price, date and interest payment. The use by the Fund of reverse repurchase agreements involves many of the same risks of leverage since the proceeds derived from such reverse repurchase agreements may be invested in additional securities. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities acquired in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase. Also, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained in lieu of sale by the Fund in connection with the reverse repurchase agreement may decline in price.
If the buyer of securities under a reverse repurchase agreement files for bankruptcy or becomes insolvent, such buyer or its trustee or receiver may receive an extension of time to determine whether to enforce the Fund’s obligation to repurchase the securities, and the Fund’s use of the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement may effectively be restricted pending such decision. Also, the Fund would bear the risk of loss to the extent that the proceeds of the reverse repurchase agreement are less than the value of the securities subject to such agreement.
Repurchase Agreements
The Fund may invest in repurchase agreements. A repurchase agreement is a contractual agreement whereby the seller of securities agrees to repurchase the same security at a specified price on a future date agreed upon by the parties. The agreed-upon repurchase price determines the yield during the Fund’s holding period. Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans collateralized by the underlying security that is the subject of the repurchase contract. The Fund will only enter into repurchase agreements with registered securities dealers or domestic banks that, in the opinion of the Manager, present minimal credit risk. The risk to the Fund is limited to the ability of the issuer to pay the agreed-upon repurchase price on the delivery date; however, although the value of the underlying collateral at the time the transaction is entered into always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price, if the value of the collateral declines there is a risk of loss of both principal and interest. In the event of default, the collateral may be sold but the Fund might incur a loss if the value of the collateral declines, and might incur disposition costs or experience delays in connection with liquidating the collateral. In addition, if bankruptcy proceedings are commenced with respect to the seller of the security, realization upon the collateral
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by the Fund may be delayed or limited. The Manager will monitor the value of the collateral at the time the transaction is entered into and at all times subsequent during the term of the repurchase agreement in an effort to determine that such value always equals or exceeds the agreed-upon repurchase price. In the event the value of the collateral declines below the repurchase price, the Manager will demand additional collateral from the issuer to increase the value of the collateral to at least that of the repurchase price, including interest.
Securities Lending
To the extent permitted by the 1940 Act, the Fund may make secured loans of its marginable securities to brokers, dealers and other financial institutions; provided, however, that the value of such loaned securities may not exceed one-third of the Fund’s total asset value, including collateral received in respect of such loans. The risks in lending portfolio securities, as with other extensions of credit, consist of possible delay in recovery of the securities or possible loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. However, such loans will be made only to broker-dealers and other financial institutions that are believed by the Manager to be of relatively high credit standing. Loans of securities are made to broker-dealers pursuant to agreements requiring that such loans be continuously secured by collateral consisting of U.S. government securities, cash or cash equivalents (negotiable certificates of deposit, bankers’ acceptances or letters of credit) maintained on a daily mark-to-market basis in an amount at least equal at all times to the market value of the securities lent. The borrower pays to the Fund, as the lender, an amount equal to any dividends or interest received on the securities lent. The collateral must have a market value at least equal to 100% of the market value of the loaned securities at all times during the duration of the loan. The Fund invests the cash collateral received in accordance with its investment objectives, subject to the Fund’s agreement with the borrower of the securities. In the case of cash collateral, the Fund typically pays a rebate to the borrower. The reinvestment of cash collateral will result in a form of effective leverage for the Fund. Although voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower, the Fund, as the lender, retains the right to call the loans and obtain the return of the securities loaned at any time on reasonable notice, and it will do so in order that the securities may be voted by the Fund if the holders of such securities are asked to vote upon or consent to matters materially affecting the Fund’s investment. The Fund may also call such loans to sell the securities involved. When engaged in securities lending, the Fund’s performance will continue to reflect changes in the value of the securities loaned and will also reflect the receipt of interest through investment of cash collateral by the Fund in permissible investments.
ESG Risk
From an environmental, social and governance perspective, the deal team will evaluate potential investments against BSP’s Responsible Investment Policies and Principles and may highlight in the diligence process an investment where the industry is not ESG-aligned in a manner that presents risk to the Fund (e.g., issues associated with the current governance of a company). Consideration of ESG factors as part of BSP’s overall investment diligence process may negatively impact the performance of the Fund and cause it to pass on investments in which the Fund would otherwise invest. Although the Fund takes ESG factors into account as part of its overall investment diligence process, investments may be made in certain circumstances even if negative ESG factors are present. In contrast, the investment team may also determine not to make an investment in a company with negative ESG factors as they may present reputational and investment risk that could be viewed as adversely impacting the performance of the Fund.
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MANAGEMENT OF THE FUND
Further Information Regarding Management of the Fund
Information regarding the Trustees and Officers of the Fund, including brief biographical information, is set forth below.
Board of Trustees
The overall management of the business and affairs of the Fund, including oversight of the Manager and each sub-adviser, is vested in the Board of Trustees of the Fund (the “Board” or “Board of Trustees”). Each member of the Board of Trustees (each, a “Trustee”) shall hold office until his or her removal, resignation or successor is duly elected and qualifies.
The Trustees, their ages, their principal occupations during the past five years (their titles may have varied during that period), the number of investment companies or portfolios in the Fund Complex (defined below) that each Trustee oversees, and the other board memberships held by each Trustee is set forth below.
| Name, Address(1) and Year of Birth |
Position(s) |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Investment Companies in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the | |||||||
| INTERESTED TRUSTEES*: |
||||||||||||
| Jane Trust, CFA Born 1962 |
Trustee, President and Chief Executive Officer | Since Inception |
Senior Vice President, Fund Board Management, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Officer and/or Trustee/Director of 127 funds associated with FTFA or its affiliates (since 2015); President and Chief Executive Officer of FTFA (since 2015); formerly, Senior Managing Director (2018 to 2020) and Managing Director (2016 to 2018) of Legg Mason & Co., LLC (“Legg Mason & Co.”); Senior Vice President of FTFA (2015) | 119 | None | |||||||
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| Name, Address(1) and Year of Birth |
Position(s) |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Investment Companies in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the | |||||||
| NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES: |
||||||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern Born 1950 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit, Compensation, Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Compliance Liaison | Since Inception | Member of the Advisory Committee of the Dispute Resolution Research Center at the Kellogg Graduate School of Business, Northwestern University (2002 to 2016); Deputy General Counsel responsible for western hemisphere matters for BP PLC (1999 to 2001); Associate General Counsel at Amoco Corporation responsible for corporate, chemical, and refining and marketing matters and special assignments (1993 to 1998) (Amoco merged with British Petroleum in 1998 forming BP PLC) | 21 | None | |||||||
| Carol L. Colman Born 1946 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit and Compensation Committees, and Chair of Pricing and Valuation Committee | Since Inception | President, Colman Consulting Company | 21 | None | |||||||
| Anthony Grillo Born 1955 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit, Pricing and Valuation and Compensation Committees | Since Inception | Retired; Founder, Managing Director and Partner of American Securities Opportunity Funds (private equity and credit firm) (2006 to 2018); formerly, Senior Managing Director of Evercore Partners Inc. (investment banking) (2001 to 2004); Senior Managing Director of Joseph Littlejohn & Levy, Inc. (private equity firm) (1999 to 2001); Senior Managing Director of The Blackstone Group L.P. (private equity and credit firm) (1991 to 1999) | 21 | Director of Littelfuse, Inc. (electronics manufacturing) (since 1991); formerly, Director of Oaktree Acquisition Corp. II (2020 to 2022); Director of Oaktree Acquisition Corp. (2019 to 2021) | |||||||
21
| Name, Address(1) and Year of Birth |
Position(s) |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Investment Companies in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the | |||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick Born 1958 |
Trustee, Chairperson and Member of Nominating, Compensation, Pricing and Valuation and Audit Committees | Since Inception | Chief Executive Officer, The Governance Partners, LLC (consulting firm) (since 2015); National Association of Corporate Directors (“NACD”) Board Leadership Fellow (since 2016, with Directorship Certification since 2019) and NACD 2022 Directorship 100 honoree; Adjunct Professor, Georgetown University Law Center (since 2021); Adjunct Professor, The University of Chicago Law School (since 2018); Adjunct Professor, University of Iowa College of Law (since 2007); formerly, Chief Financial Officer, Press Ganey Associates (health care informatics company) (2012 to 2014); Managing Director and Chief Financial Officer, Houlihan Lokey (international investment bank) and President, Houlihan Lokey Foundation (2010 to 2012) | 21 | Director of VALIC Company I (since October 2022); Director of ACV Auctions Inc. (since 2021); Director of Associated Banc-Corp (financial services company) (since 2007); formerly, Director of Hochschild Mining plc (precious metals company) (2016-2023); formerly Trustee of AIG Funds and Anchor Series Trust (2018 to 2021) | |||||
| Nisha Kumar Born 1970 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Audit Committee | Since Inception | Formerly, Managing Director and the Chief Financial Officer and Chief Compliance Officer of Greenbriar Equity Group, LP (2011 to 2021); formerly, Chief Financial Officer and Chief Administrative Officer of Rent the Runway, Inc. (2011); Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of AOL LLC, a subsidiary of Time Warner Inc. (2007 to 2009), Member of the Council on Foreign Relations | 21 | Director of The India Fund, Inc. (since 2016); formerly, Director of Aberdeen Income Credit Strategies Fund (2017 to 2018); and Director of The Asia Tigers Fund, Inc. (2016 to 2018) | |||||
22
| Name, Address(1) and Year of Birth |
Position(s) |
Term of Office |
Principal Occupation(s) |
Number of Investment Companies in Fund Complex(2) Overseen by Trustee |
Other Directorships Held by Trustee During the | |||||
| Peter Mason Born 1959 |
Trustee and Member of Nominating, Audit, and Pricing and Valuation Committees, and Chair of Compensation Committee | Since Inception | Arbitrator and Mediator (self-employed) (since 2021); formerly, Global General Counsel of UNICEF (non-governmental organization) (1998-2021) | 21 | Chairman of University of Sydney USA Foundation (since 2020); Director of the Radio Workshop US, Inc. (since 2023) | |||||
| Hillary A. Sale Born 1961 |
Trustee and Member of Audit, Pricing and Valuation and Compensation Committees and Chair of Nominating Committee | Since Inception | Agnes Williams Sesquicentennial Professor of Leadership and Corporate Governance, Georgetown Law Center; and Professor of Management, McDonough School of Business (since 2018); formerly, Associate Dean for Strategy, Georgetown Law Center (2020-2023); National Association of Corporate Directors Board Faculty Member (since 2021); formerly, a Member of the Board of Governors of FINRA (2016-2022) | 21 | Director of CBOE U.S. Securities Exchanges, CBOE Futures Exchange, and CBOE SEF, Director (Since 2022); Advisory Board Member of Foundation Press (academic book publisher) (since 2019); Chair of DirectWomen Board Institute (since 2019); formerly, Member of DirectWomen (nonprofit) (2007-2022) | |||||
| * | Ms. Trust is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act because she is an officer of the Manager and certain of its affiliates. |
| (1) | Unless otherwise indicated, the business address of the persons listed above is c/o Chairperson of the Fund, Franklin Templeton, One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10010. |
| (2) | The term “Fund Complex” means two or more registered investment companies that: |
| (a) | hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services; or |
| (b) | have a common investment adviser or that have an investment adviser that is an affiliated person of the investment adviser of any of the other registered investment companies. |
The Trustees were selected to join the Board based upon the following: his or her character and integrity; such person’s service as a board member of other funds in the Franklin Templeton fund complex; such person’s willingness to serve and willingness and ability to commit the time necessary to perform the duties of a Trustee; as to each Trustee other than Ms. Trust, his or her status as not being an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act; and, as to Ms. Trust, her role with Franklin Templeton. No factor, by itself, was controlling.
In addition to the information provided in the table included above, each Trustee possesses the following attributes: Mr. Agdern, experience in business and as a legal professional; Ms. Colman, experience as a consultant and investment professional; Mr. Grillo, experience as a managing director of a private equity and credit firm and experience in investment banking; Ms. Kamerick, experience in business and finance, including financial reporting, and experience as a board member of a highly regulated financial services company; Ms. Kumar, financial and accounting experience as the chief financial officer of other companies and experience as a board member of private equity funds; Mr. Mason, legal and managerial experience; Ms. Sale, experience as
23
a college professor and experience as a board member for financial and corporate institutions; and Ms. Trust, investment management and risk oversight experience as an executive and portfolio manager and leadership roles within Franklin Templeton and affiliated entities. References to the qualifications, attributes and skills of the Trustees are pursuant to requirements of the SEC, do not constitute holding out of the Board or any Trustee as having any special expertise or experience, and shall not impose any greater responsibility or liability on any such person or on the Board by reason thereof.
Responsibilities of the Board of Trustees
The Board of Trustees is responsible under applicable state law for overseeing generally the management and operations of the Fund. The Trustees oversee the Fund’s operations by, among other things, meeting at its regularly scheduled meetings and as otherwise needed with the Fund’s management and evaluating the performance of the Fund’s service providers including the Manager, BSP, the custodian and the transfer agent. As part of this process, the Trustees consult with the Fund’s independent auditors and with their own separate independent counsel.
The Trustees review the Fund’s financial statements, performance, net asset value and market price and the relationship between them, as well as the quality of the services being provided to the Fund. As part of this process, the Trustees review the Fund’s fees and expenses in light of the nature, quality and scope of the services being received while also seeking to ensure that the Fund continues to have access to high quality services in the future.
The Board of Trustees has four regularly scheduled meetings each year, and additional meetings may be scheduled as needed. In addition, the Board has a standing Audit Committee and Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee (the “Nominating Committee”) that meet periodically and whose responsibilities are described below.
The Fund does not have a formal policy regarding attendance by Trustees at meetings of shareholders.
The standing committees of the Board are the Audit Committee, the Nominating Committee, Compensation Committee and Pricing and Valuation Committee that meet periodically and whose responsibilities are described below.
Each of the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee is composed of all Trustees who have been determined not to be “interested persons” of the Fund, the Manager, BSP or their affiliates within the meaning of the 1940 Act, and who are “independent” as defined in the New York Stock Exchange listing standards (“Independent Trustees”), and is chaired by an Independent Trustee. The Board in its discretion from time to time may establish ad hoc committees.
The Board of Trustees is currently comprised of seven trustees, six of whom are Independent Trustees. Eileen Kamerick serves as Chairperson of the Board. Ms. Kamerick is a “non-interested person” of the Fund. The appointment of Ms. Kamerick as Chairperson reflects the Board’s belief that her experience in business and finance, including financial reporting, and experience as a board member of a highly regulated financial services company, facilitates the efficient development of meeting agendas that address the Fund’s business, legal and other needs and the orderly conduct of board meetings. The Chair develops agendas for Board meetings and presides at all meetings of the Board. The Chair also leads executive sessions of the Independent Trustees, serves as a spokesperson for the Independent Trustees and serves as a liaison between the Independent Trustees and the Fund’s management between Board meetings. The Independent Trustees regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by independent legal counsel. The Board also has determined that its leadership structure, as described above, is appropriate in light of the size and complexity of the Fund, the number of Independent Trustees (who constitute a super-majority of the Board’s membership) and the Board’s general
24
oversight responsibility. The Board also believes that its leadership structure not only facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the Independent Trustees from management, including BSP, the Fund’s sub-adviser, but also enhances the independent and orderly exercise of its responsibilities.
Audit Committee
The Fund’s Audit Committee is composed entirely of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Audit Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Kumar serves as the Chair of the Audit Committee and has been determined by the Board to be an “audit committee financial expert.” The principal functions of the Audit Committee are: to (a) oversee the scope of the Fund’s audit, the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting policies and practices and its internal controls and enhance the quality and objectivity of the audit function; (b) approve, and recommend to the Independent Trustees (as such term is defined in the Audit Committee Charter) for their ratification, the selection, appointment, retention or termination of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, as well as approving the compensation thereof; and (c) approve all audit and permissible non-audit services provided to the Fund and certain other persons by the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm.
Nominating Committee
The Fund’s Nominating Committee, the principal function of which is to select and nominate candidates for election as Trustees of the Fund, is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Nominating Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Sale serves as the Chair of the Nominating Committee. The Nominating Committee may consider nominees recommended by the shareholders as it deems appropriate. Shareholders who wish to recommend a nominee should send recommendations to the Fund’s Secretary that include all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for the election of Trustees. A recommendation must be accompanied by a written consent of the individual to stand for election if nominated by the Board of Trustees and to serve if elected by the shareholders.
The Nominating Committee identifies potential nominees through its network of contacts, and in its discretion may also engage a professional search firm. The Nominating Committee meets to discuss and consider such candidates’ qualifications and then chooses a candidate by majority vote. The Nominating Committee does not have specific, minimum qualifications for nominees and has not established specific qualities or skills that it regards as necessary for one or more of the Fund’s Trustees to possess (other than any qualities or skills that may be required by applicable law, regulation or listing standard). However, as set forth in the Nominating Committee Charter, in evaluating a person as a potential nominee to serve as a Trustee of the Fund, the Nominee Committee may consider the following factors, among any others it may deem relevant:
| • | whether or not the person is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act and whether the person is otherwise qualified under applicable laws and regulations to serve as a Trustee of the Fund; |
| • | whether or not the person has any relationships that might impair his or her independence, such as any business, financial or family relationships with Fund management, the investment manager of the Fund, Fund service providers or their affiliates; |
| • | whether or not the person serves on boards of, or is otherwise affiliated with, competing financial service organizations or their related mutual fund complexes; |
| • | whether or not the person is willing to serve, and willing and able to commit the time necessary for the performance of the duties of a Trustee of the Fund; |
| • | the contribution which the person can make to the Board and the Fund (or, if the person has previously served as a Trustee of the Fund, the contribution which the person made to the Board during his or her previous term of service), with consideration being given to the person’s business and professional experience, education and such other factors as the Committee may consider relevant; |
25
| • | the character and integrity of the person; and |
| • | whether or not the selection and nomination of the person would be consistent with the requirements of the Fund’s retirement policies. |
The Nominating Committee does not have a formal diversity policy with regard to the consideration of diversity in identifying potential director nominees but may consider diversity of professional experience, education and skills when evaluating potential nominees for Board membership.
Pricing and Valuation Committee
The Fund’s Pricing and Valuation Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Pricing and Valuation Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Ms. Colman serves as Chair of the Fund’s Pricing and Valuation Committee. The principal function of the Pricing and Valuation Committee is to assist the Board with its oversight of the process for valuing portfolio securities in light of applicable law, regulatory guidance and applicable policies and procedures adopted by the Fund.
Compensation Committee
The Fund’s Compensation Committee is composed of all of the Independent Trustees. The members of the Compensation Committee are Mses. Colman, Kamerick, Kumar and Sale and Messrs. Agdern, Grillo and Mason. Mr. Mason serves as Chair of the Fund’s Compensation Committee. The principal function of the Compensation Committee is to recommend the appropriate compensation of the Independent Trustees for their service on the Board and the committees of the Board.
Risk Oversight
The Board’s role in risk oversight of the Fund reflects its responsibility under applicable state law to oversee generally, rather than to manage, the operations of the Fund. In line with this oversight responsibility, the Board receives reports and makes inquiry at its regular meetings and as needed regarding the nature and extent of significant Fund risks (including investment, compliance and valuation risks) that potentially could have a materially adverse impact on the business operations, investment performance or reputation of the Fund, but relies upon the Fund’s management (including the Fund’s portfolio managers) and Chief Compliance Officer, who reports directly to the Board, and the Manager to assist it in identifying and understanding the nature and extent of such risks and determining whether, and to what extent, such risks may be eliminated or mitigated. In addition to reports and other information received from Fund management and the Manager regarding the Fund’s investment program and activities, the Board as part of its risk oversight efforts meets at its regular meetings and as needed with the Fund’s Chief Compliance Officer to discuss, among other things, risk issues and issues regarding the policies, procedures and controls of the Fund. The Board may be assisted in performing aspects of its role in risk oversight by the Audit Committee and such other standing or special committees as may be established from time to time by the Board. For example, the Audit Committee of the Board regularly meets with the Fund’s independent public accounting firm to review, among other things, reports on the Fund’s internal controls for financial reporting.
The Board believes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of relevant information and may be inaccurate or incomplete. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations.
26
Security Ownership of Management
The following table shows the dollar range of equity securities owned by the Trustees in the Fund and in other investment companies overseen by the Trustees within the same family of investment companies as of December 31, 2024. Investment companies are considered to be in the same family if they share the same investment adviser or principal underwriter and hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services.
| Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by the Trustee in the Family of Investment Companies(1) |
||||||
| Non-Interested Trustees: |
||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern |
A | D | ||||||
| Carol L. Colman |
A | E | ||||||
| Anthony Grillo |
A | A | ||||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick |
A | E | ||||||
| Nisha Kumar |
A | A | ||||||
| Peter Mason |
A | A | ||||||
| Hillary A. Sale |
A | A | ||||||
| Interested Trustee: |
||||||||
| Jane Trust |
A | E | ||||||
Key: A: none, B: $1-$10,000, C: $10,001-$50,000, D: $50,001-$100,000, E: over $100,000.
| (1) | The term “family of investment companies” means any two or more registered investment companies that share the same investment adviser or principal underwriter or hold themselves out to investors as related companies for purposes of investment and investor services. |
As the Fund has not yet commenced investment operations, none of the Trustees or officers of the Fund, as a group, owned any Shares of the Fund as of the date of this SAI.
As to each Independent Trustee and his or her immediate family members, as of the date of this SAI, no person owns beneficially or of record securities of an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund, or a person (other than a registered investment company) directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with an investment adviser or principal underwriter of the Fund.
Compensation of Trustees
The members of the Board who are not “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, receive an annual fee, a fee for each meeting of the Board and committee meeting attended and are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings. The Trustees who are “interested persons,” as defined in the 1940 Act, and the Fund’s officers do not receive compensation from the Fund or any other fund in the Fund Complex of which the Fund is a part that is a U.S. registered investment company, but are reimbursed for all out-of-pocket expenses relating to attendance at such meetings.
Under the federal securities laws, the Fund is required to provide to shareholders information regarding compensation paid to the Trustees by the Fund, as well as by the various other investment companies advised by FTFA. The Trustees listed below are members of the Fund’s Audit, Nominating, Compensation and Pricing and Valuation Committees, as well as committees of the boards of certain other investment companies advised by FTFA. The following table sets forth the anticipated compensation to be paid to the Fund’s Independent Trustees for the Fund’s initial fiscal year. Accordingly, the expected amounts provided in the table include compensation
27
for service on all such committees. The Fund does not provide any pension or retirement benefits to Trustees. In addition, no remuneration will be paid during the Fund’s initial fiscal year by the Fund to Ms. Trust who is an “interested person” as defined in the 1940 Act.
| Name of Trustee |
Aggregate Compensation from the Fund |
Total Compensation from the Fund and Fund Complex(2) |
||||||
| Non-Interested Trustees(1) |
||||||||
| Robert D. Agdern |
$ | 23,508.53 | $ | 466,000 | ||||
| Carol L. Colman |
$ | 23,829.68 | $ | 371,000 | ||||
| Anthony Grillo |
$ | 22,545.06 | $ | 32,989 | ||||
| Eileen A. Kamerick |
$ | 26,077.76 | $ | 506,000 | ||||
| Nisha Kumar |
$ | 24,793.14 | $ | 486,000 | ||||
| Peter Mason |
$ | 23,508.53 | $ | 32,989 | ||||
| Hillary A. Sale |
$ | 23,508.53 | $ | 32,989 | ||||
| (1) | Each Non-Interested Trustee currently holds 21 investment company directorships within this Fund Complex. |
| (2) | Total compensation paid from the Fund Complex to the Trustees is as of December 31, 2024. |
28
Officers of the Fund
The Fund’s executive officers are chosen each year at a regular meeting of the Board to hold office until their respective successors are duly elected and qualified. In addition to Ms. Trust, the executive officers of the Fund currently are:
| Name, Address and Age |
Position(s) with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | |||
| Christopher Berarducci Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10010 Birth Year: 1974 |
Principal Financial Officer and Treasurer |
Since Inception |
Vice President, Fund Administration and Reporting, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Treasurer (since 2010) and Principal Financial Officer (since 2019) of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates; formerly, Managing Director (2020), Director (2015 to 2020), and Vice President (2011 to 2015) of Legg Mason & Co. | |||
| Fred Jensen Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10010 Birth Year: 1963 |
Chief Compliance Officer |
Since Inception |
Director—Global Compliance of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2006 to 2020); Director of Compliance, Legg Mason Office of the Chief Compliance Officer (2006 to 2020); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Global Asset Allocation (prior to 2014); Chief Compliance Officer of Legg Mason Private Portfolio Group (prior to 2013); formerly, Chief Compliance Officer of The Reserve Funds (investment adviser, funds and broker- dealer) (2004) and Ambac Financial Group (investment adviser, funds and broker-dealer) (2000 to 2003) | |||
| Marc A. De Oliveira Franklin Templeton 100 First Stamford Place, Stamford, CT 06902 Birth Year: 1971 |
Secretary and Chief Legal |
Since Inception |
Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary and Chief Legal Officer of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2020); Assistant Secretary of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006); formerly, Managing Director (2016 to 2020) and Associate General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020) | |||
29
| Name, Address and Age |
Position(s) with Fund |
Term of Office and Length of Time Served |
Principal Occupation(s) During Past 5 Years | |||
| Thomas C. Mandia Franklin Templeton 100 First Stamford Place, Stamford, CT 06902 Birth Year: 1962 |
Senior Vice President |
Since Inception |
Senior Associate General Counsel of Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Secretary of FTFA (since 2006); Assistant Secretary of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2006); Secretary of LM Asset Services, LLC (“LMAS”) (since 2002) and Legg Mason Fund Asset Management, Inc. (“LMFAM”) (since 2013) (formerly registered investment advisers); formerly, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020) and Assistant Secretary of certain funds in the fund complex (2006 to 2022) | |||
| Jeanne M. Kelly Franklin Templeton One Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10010 Birth Year: 1951 |
Senior Vice President |
Since Inception |
U.S. Fund Board Team Manager, Franklin Templeton (since 2020); Senior Vice President of certain funds associated with Legg Mason & Co. or its affiliates (since 2007); Senior Vice President of FTFA (since 2006); President and Chief Executive Officer of LMAS and LMFAM (since 2015); formerly, Managing Director of Legg Mason & Co. (2005 to 2020); Senior Vice President of LMFAM (2013 to 2015) | |||
Principal Owner of Shares
Prior to the public offering of the Shares, Franklin Resources purchased Shares from the Fund in an amount satisfying the net worth requirements of Section 14(a) of the 1940 Act, which requires the Fund to have a net worth of at least $100,000 prior to making a public offering. As of the date of this SAI, Franklin Resources owned 100% of the Fund’s outstanding Shares and therefore may be deemed to control the Fund until such time as it owns 25% or less of the Fund’s outstanding Shares, which is expected to occur upon the closing of this offering. The address of Franklin Resources is One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, California 94403-1906. Franklin Resources is organized under the laws of the State of Delaware and is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Templeton.
Portfolio Management
The table below identifies the number of accounts (other than the Fund) for which the Fund’s portfolio managers have day-to-day management responsibilities and the total assets in such accounts, within each of the following categories: registered investment companies, other pooled investment vehicles and other accounts. For each category, the number of accounts and total assets in the accounts is also indicated as of June 30, 2025.
30
| Portfolio Manager |
Type of Account | Number of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets Managed ($ millions) |
Number of Accounts Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance-Based |
Assets Managed for which Advisory Fee is Performance- Based ($ millions) |
|||||||||||||
| Blair D. Faulstich |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | 4,290 | 1 | 4,290 | |||||||||||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 31 | 10,160 | 22 | 5,176 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Accounts | –– | –– | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
| King Jang |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | 4,290 | 1 | 4,290 | |||||||||||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 31 | 10,160 | 22 | 5,176 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Accounts | –– | — | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
| Anant Kumar |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | 194 | 1 | 136 | |||||||||||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | –– | –– | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
| Other Accounts | –– | –– | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
| Franklin Leong |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
1 | 4,290 | 1 | 4,290 | |||||||||||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 31 | 10,160 | 22 | 5,176 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Accounts | –– | –– | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
| Saahil Mahajan |
Other Registered Investment Companies |
2 | 4,484 | 2 | 4,425 | |||||||||||||
| Other Pooled Vehicles | 31 | 10,160 | 22 | 5,176 | ||||||||||||||
| Other Accounts | –– | –– | –– | –– | ||||||||||||||
Portfolio Manager Compensation
BSP’s financial arrangements with its portfolio managers, its competitive compensation and its career path emphasis at all levels reflect the value senior management places on key resources. Compensation may include a variety of components and may vary from year to year based on a number of factors. The portfolio managers may receive, all or some combination of, salary, an annual bonus and interests in the carried interest in certain of BSP’s funds.
Base Compensation
Generally, when portfolio managers receive base compensation, it is based on their individual seniority and their position within the firm.
Discretionary Compensation
In addition to base compensation, portfolio managers may receive discretionary compensation. Discretionary compensation may be based on individual seniority and contribution.
Portfolio Manager Securities Ownership
None.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Fund’s Board has delegated proxy voting discretion to FTFA and/or BSP, believing that FTFA, and/or BSP should be responsible for voting because it is a matter relating to the investment decision making process.
FTFA delegates the responsibility for voting proxies for the Fund to BSP through the Sub-Advisory Agreement. BSP uses its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies. Accordingly, FTFA does not
31
expect to have proxy voting responsibility for the Fund. Should FTFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of BSP to provide investment advisory services, FTFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by BSP, as applicable, to vote proxies until a new sub-adviser is retained. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of BSP (or their respective affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at BSP) and the Fund, BSP shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. FTFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations, to the extent that BSP votes proxies. BSP shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from BSP and providing them to the Fund as required for the Fund to comply with applicable rules under the 1940 Act.
FTFA’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B-1 hereto. BSP’s proxy voting policy is attached as Appendix B-2 hereto. Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies (if any) relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 will be available without charge (1) by calling 888-777-0102, (2) on the Fund’s website at www.alternativesbyft.com and (3) on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov on Form N-PX.
Codes of Ethics
Pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act, the Fund, the Manager and BSP have each adopted codes of ethics that permit their respective personnel to invest in securities for their own accounts, including securities that may be purchased or held by a Fund. All personnel must place the interests of clients first and avoid activities, interests and relationships that might interfere with the duty to make decisions in the best interests of the clients. All personal securities transactions by employees must adhere to the requirements of the codes and must be conducted in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest, the appearance of such a conflict, or the abuse of an employee’s position of trust and responsibility.
When personnel covered by the Fund’s Code of Ethics are employed by more than one of the managers affiliated with Franklin Templeton, those employees may be subject to such affiliate’s Code of Ethics adopted pursuant to Rule 17j-1, rather than the Fund’s Code of Ethics.
Copies of the Codes of Ethics of the Fund, the Manager and BSP are on file with the SEC. These Codes of Ethics can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. Information relating to the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. Such materials are also available on EDGAR on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). You may also e-mail requests for these documents to publicinfo@sec.gov, or make a request in writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-0102.
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PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS
The Fund does not have an obligation to deal with any brokers or dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities. Subject to policy established by the Board, each of the Manager and BSP is responsible for the Fund’s portfolio decisions and the placing of the Fund’s portfolio transactions in securities.
Portfolio securities normally will be purchased or sold from or to dealers serving as market makers for the securities at a net price, which may include dealer spreads and underwriting commissions. In placing orders, it is the policy of the Fund to obtain the best results taking into account the general execution and operational facilities of the broker or dealer, the type of transaction involved and other factors such as the risk of the broker or dealer in positioning the securities involved. While the Manager and BSP generally seek the best price in placing its orders, the Fund may not necessarily be paying the lowest price available. Subject to seeking the best price and execution, securities firms which provide supplemental research to the Manager and BSP may receive orders for transactions by the Fund. Information so received will be in addition to and not in lieu of the services required to be performed by the Manager and BSP under the Fund’s Investment Management Agreement and Sub-Advisory Agreement, and the expenses of the Manager and BSP will not necessarily be reduced as a result of the receipt of such supplemental information.
The Fund expects that all portfolio transactions in securities will be effected on a principal basis and, accordingly, does not expect to pay any brokerage commissions. To the extent the Fund does effect brokerage transactions, affiliated persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of the Fund, or affiliated persons of such persons, may from time to time be selected to perform brokerage services for the Fund, subject to the considerations discussed above, but are prohibited by the 1940 Act from dealing with the Fund as principal in the purchase or sale of securities. In order for such an affiliated person to be permitted to effect any portfolio transactions for the Fund, the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by such affiliated person must be reasonable and fair compared to the commissions, fees or other remuneration received by other brokers in connection with comparable transactions involving similar securities being purchased or sold during a comparable period of time. This standard would allow such an affiliated person to receive no more than the remuneration which would be expected to be received by an unaffiliated broker in a commensurate arm’s-length transaction.
Investment decisions for the Fund are made independently from those for other funds and accounts advised or managed by the Manager and BSP or their affiliates. Such other funds and accounts may also invest in the same securities as the Fund. When a purchase or sale of the same security is made at substantially the same time on behalf of the Fund and another fund or account, the transaction will be averaged as to price, and available investments allocated as to amount, in a manner which the Manager and BSP believes to be equitable to the Fund and such other fund or account. In some instances, this investment procedure may adversely affect the price paid or received by the Fund or the size of the position obtained or sold by the Fund. To the extent permitted by law, the Manager and BSP may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for other funds and accounts in order to obtain best execution.
33
CERTAIN ERISA CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase of Shares by (i) “employee benefit plans” within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”) that are subject to Title I of ERISA, (ii) plans, individual retirement accounts (“IRAs”) and other arrangements that are subject to Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) or provisions under any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to the fiduciary responsibility and/or prohibited transaction provisions of Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (collectively, “Other Plan Laws”), and (iii) entities whose underlying assets are considered to include the assets of any of the foregoing described in clauses (i) or (ii) pursuant to ERISA or other applicable law (each of the foregoing described in clauses (i), (ii) and (iii) referred to herein as a “Plan”).
General Fiduciary Matters
ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan which is a “benefit plan investor” within the meaning of Section 3(42) of ERISA (a “Benefit Plan Investor”) and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of Benefit Plan Investor and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of a Benefit Plan Investor or the management or disposition of the assets of a Benefit Plan Investor, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to a Benefit Plan Investor, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor. The term Benefit Plan Investor is generally defined to include (a) “employee benefit plans” within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA that are subject to Title I of ERISA, (b) “plans” within the meaning of, and subject to, Section 4975 of the Code (including “Keogh” plans and IRAs), and (c) entities whose underlying assets are considered to constitute the assets of any of the foregoing described in clauses (a) or (b) above (e.g., an entity of which 25% or more of the total value of any class of equity interests is held by Benefit Plan Investors and which does not satisfy another exception under ERISA).
In considering an investment in Shares of a portion of the assets of any Plan, a fiduciary should determine whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan and the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or any Other Plan Law relating to a fiduciary’s duties to the Plan including, without limitation, the prudence, diversification, delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any applicable Other Plan Laws.
Prohibited Transaction Issues
Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code prohibit Benefit Plan Investors from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engaged in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code. In addition, the fiduciary of the Benefit Plan Investor that engaged in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code.
Whether or not the underlying assets of the Fund were deemed to constitute “plan assets,” as described below, the acquisition and/or holding of Shares by a Benefit Plan Investor with respect to which the Fund, the Manager or BSP is considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a direct or indirect prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, unless the investment is acquired and is held in accordance with an applicable statutory, class or individual prohibited transaction exemption. In this regard, the U.S. Department of Labor has issued prohibited transaction class exemptions, or “PTCEs,” that may apply to the acquisition and holding of Shares. These class exemptions include, without limitation, PTCE 84-14 respecting transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers, PTCE 90-1 respecting insurance company pooled separate accounts, PTCE 91-38
34
respecting bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60 respecting life insurance company general accounts and PTCE 96-23 respecting transactions determined by in-house asset managers. In addition, Section 408(17) of ERISA and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide relief from the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code for certain transactions, provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates (directly or indirectly) have or exercise any discretionary authority or control or render any investment advice with respect to the assets of any Benefit Plan Investor involved in the transaction and provided further that the Benefit Plan Investor pays no more than adequate consideration in connection with the transaction. Each of the above-noted exemptions contains conditions and limitations on its application. Fiduciaries of Benefit Plan Investors considering acquiring Shares in reliance on these or any other exemption should carefully review the exemption in consultation with their legal advisors to assure it is applicable. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.
Plan Assets
Under ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder, as modified by Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “Plan Assets Regulation”), when a Benefit Plan Investor acquires an equity interest in an entity that is neither a “publicly-offered security” (within the meaning of the Plan Assets Regulation) nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the 1940 Act, the Benefit Plan Investor’s assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity unless it is established either that less than 25% of the total value of each class of equity interest in the entity is held by Benefit Plan Investors or that the entity is an “operating company,” each as defined in the Plan Assets Regulation. Because the Fund is registered as an investment company under the 1940 Act, the underlying assets of the Fund will not be considered to be “plan assets” of any Benefit Plan Investor investing in the Fund for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction rules under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. Thus, neither the Fund, the Manager or BSP will be a fiduciary within the meaning of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code with respect to the assets of any Benefit Plan Investor that becomes a Shareholder, solely as a result of the Benefit Plan Investor’s investment in the Fund.
Other Plans
Certain Plans, such as governmental plans and non-U.S. plans, may not be subject to ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, but may be subject to provisions of Other Plan Laws which may restrict the type of investments such a Plan may make or otherwise have an impact on such a Plan’s ability to invest the Fund. Accordingly, each Plan, including governmental and foreign plans, considering an investment in Shares should consult with their legal advisors regarding their proposed investment in the Shares.
Representation
By acceptance of Shares, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of the Shares will be deemed to have represented and warranted that either (i) it is not, and it is not investing on behalf of a Plan or (ii) its purchase and holding of the Shares will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or similar violation under any applicable Other Plan Laws.
Reporting of Indirect Compensation
Under ERISA’s general reporting and disclosure rules, certain Benefit Plan Investors subject to Title I of ERISA are required to file annual reports (Form 5500) with the U.S. Department of Labor regarding their assets, liabilities and expenses. To facilitate a plan administrator’s compliance with these requirements it is noted that the descriptions of fees and compensation in this SAI, the Prospectus and the other documents governing the Fund, including the Management Fee and the Distribution and Servicing Fee, are intended to satisfy the disclosure requirements for “eligible indirect compensation” for which the alternative reporting option on Schedule C of Form 5500 may be available.
35
The foregoing discussion of ERISA, the Code and Other Plan Law issues should not be construed as legal advice. Fiduciaries of Plans should consult their own legal advisors with respect to issues arising under ERISA, the Code and applicable Other Plan Laws make their own independent decision regarding an investment in the Fund. The foregoing discussion is general in nature and is not intended to be all-inclusive. Each Plan fiduciary should consult with its legal advisors concerning the considerations discussed above before making an investment in the Fund. As indicated above, Other Plan Laws governing the investment and management of the assets of Plans that are not subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, such as governmental plans and non-U.S. plans, may contain fiduciary responsibility and prohibited transaction requirements similar to those under ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code. Accordingly, Plans, in consultation with their legal advisors, should consider the impact of their respective laws and regulations on an investment in the Fund and the considerations discussed above, if applicable.
The provisions of ERISA and the Code are subject to extensive and continuing administrative and judicial interpretation and review. The discussion of ERISA and the Code contained in this SAI is general, does not purport to be a thorough analysis of ERISA or the Code, may be affected by future publication of regulations and rulings and should not be considered legal advice. Potential investors that are Benefit Plan Investors and their fiduciaries should consult their legal advisers regarding the consequences under ERISA and the Code of the acquisition and ownership of Shares. Plans that are not subject to the requirements of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code (such as governmental plans, non-U.S. plans and certain church plans) may be subject to similar rules under other applicable laws or documents, and also should consult their own advisers as to the propriety of an investment in the Fund.
By acquiring Shares of the Fund, a Shareholder acknowledges and agrees that: (i) any information provided by the Fund, the Manager, BSP or any of their respective affiliates (including information set forth in the Prospectus and this SAI) is not a recommendation to invest in the Fund and that none of the Fund, the Manager, BSP or any of their respective affiliates is undertaking to provide any investment advice to the Shareholder (impartial or otherwise), or to give advice to the Shareholder in a fiduciary capacity in connection with an investment in the Fund and, accordingly, no part of any compensation received by the Manager, BSP or any of their affiliates is for the provision of investment advice to the Shareholder; and (ii) the Manager or BSP and their affiliates have a financial interest in the Shareholder’s investment in the Fund on account of the fees and other compensation they expects to receive from the Fund as disclosed in this SAI, the Prospectus, the Declaration of Trust and the other documents governing the Fund.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL SHAREHOLDERS
Shareholders who beneficially own more than 25% of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund may be deemed to be a “control person” of the Fund for purposes of the 1940 Act. As of August 31, 2025, Franklin Global Allocation Fund owned more than 25% of a Share class of the Fund. As of August 31, 2025, the following persons owned of record or beneficially 5% or more of the outstanding Shares of a class.
| Name |
Address |
Percentage of Shares Owned |
||||
| Franklin Multi-Asset Growth Fund |
620 8th Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, New York, 10018 | 10.29 | % | |||
| Franklin Multi-Asset Moderate Growth Fund |
620 8th Avenue, 47th Floor, New York, New York, 10018 | 5.99 | % | |||
| Franklin Conservative Allocation Fund |
1 Franklin Pkwy, San Mateo California, 94403 | 10.11 | % | |||
| Franklin Moderate Allocation Fund |
1 Franklin Pkwy, San Mateo California, 94403 | 19.66 | % | |||
| Franklin Growth Allocation Fund |
1 Franklin Pkwy, San Mateo California, 94403 | 16.66 | % | |||
| Franklin Global Allocation Fund |
1 Franklin Pkwy, San Mateo California, 94403 | 32.39 | % | |||
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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Appendix C to this SAI provides financial information regarding the Fund. The Fund’s financial statements have been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
38
APPENDIX A—SECURITIES RATING DESCRIPTIONS
The ratings of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc., S&P Global Ratings and Fitch Ratings represent their opinions as to the quality of various debt obligations. It should be emphasized, however, that ratings are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, debt obligations with the same maturity, coupon and rating may have different yields while debt obligations of the same maturity and coupon with different ratings may have the same yield. As described by the rating agencies, ratings are generally given to securities at the time of issuances. While the rating agencies may from time to time revise such ratings, they undertake no obligation to do so.
Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. Global Rating Scales
Ratings assigned on Moody’s global long-term and short- term rating scales are forward-looking opinions of the relative credit risks of financial obligations issued by non-financial corporates, financial institutions, structured finance vehicles, project finance vehicles, and public sector entities. Moody’s defines credit risk as the risk that an entity may not meet its contractual financial obligations as they come due and any estimated financial loss in the event of default or impairment. The contractual financial obligations1 addressed by Moody’s ratings are those that call for, without regard to enforceability, the payment of an ascertainable amount, which may vary based upon standard sources of variation (e.g., floating interest rates), by an ascertainable date. Moody’s rating addresses the issuer’s ability to obtain cash sufficient to service the obligation, and its willingness to pay.2 Moody’s ratings do not address non-standard sources of variation in the amount of the principal obligation (e.g., equity indexed), absent an express statement to the contrary in a press release accompanying an initial rating.3 Long-term ratings are assigned to issuers or obligations with an original maturity of eleven months or more and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations with an original maturity of thirteen months or less and reflect both on the likelihood of a default or impairment on contractual financial obligations and the expected financial loss suffered in the event of default or impairment.4,5 Moody’s issues ratings at the issuer level and instrument level on both the long- term scale and the short-term scale. Typically, ratings are made publicly available although private and unpublished ratings may also be assigned.6
Moody’s differentiates structured finance ratings from fundamental ratings (i.e., ratings on nonfinancial corporate, financial institution, and public sector entities) on the global long-term scale by adding (sf) to all
| 1 | In the case of impairments, there can be a financial loss even when contractual obligations are met. |
| 2 | In some cases the relevant credit risk relates to a third party, in addition to, or instead of the issuer. Examples include credit-linked notes and guaranteed obligations. |
| 3 | Because the number of possible features or structures is limited only by the creativity of issuers, Moody’s cannot comprehensively catalogue all the types of non-standard variation affecting financial obligations, but examples include equity indexed principal values and cash flows, prepayment penalties, and an obligation to pay an amount that is not ascertainable at the inception of the transaction. |
| 4 | For certain preferred stock and hybrid securities in which payment default events are either not defined or do not match investors’ expectations for timely payment, long-term and short-term ratings reflect the likelihood of impairment and financial loss in the event of impairment. |
| 5 | Debts held on the balance sheets of official sector institutions – which include supranational institutions, central banks and certain government-owned or controlled banks – may not always be treated the same as debts held by private investors and lenders. When it is known that an obligation is held by official sector institutions as well as other investors, a rating (short-term or long-term) assigned to that obligation reflects only the credit risks faced by non-official sector investors. |
| 6 | For information on how to obtain a Moody’s credit rating, including private and unpublished credit ratings, please see Moody’s Investors Service Products. Please note that Moody’s always reserves the right to choose not to assign or maintain a credit rating for its own business reasons. |
A-1
structured finance ratings.7 The addition of (sf) to structured finance ratings should eliminate any presumption that such ratings and fundamental ratings at the same letter grade level will behave the same.
The (sf) indicator for structured finance security ratings indicates that otherwise similarly rated structured finance and fundamental securities may have different risk characteristics. Through its current methodologies,
however, Moody’s aspires to achieve broad expected equivalence in structured finance and fundamental rating performance when measured over a long period of time.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Global Long-Term Ratings:
Aaa—Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, subject to the lowest level of credit risk.
Aa—Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A—Obligations rated A are judged to be upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa—Obligations rated Baa are judged to be medium-grade and subject to moderate credit risk and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
Ba—Obligations rated Ba are judged to be speculative and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B—Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa—Obligations rated Caa are judged to be speculative of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca—Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C—Obligations rated C are the lowest rated and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category. Additionally, a “(hyb)” indicator is appended to all ratings of hybrid securities issued by banks, insurers, finance companies, and securities firms.*
| * | By their terms, hybrid securities allow for the omission of scheduled dividends, interest, or principal payments, which can potentially result in impairment if such an omission occurs. Hybrid securities may also be subject to contractually allowable write-downs of principal that could result in impairment. Together with the hybrid indicator, the long-term obligation rating assigned to a hybrid security is an expression of the relative credit risk associated with that security. |
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s Global Short-Term Ratings:
P-1—Ratings of Prime-1 reflect a superior ability to repay short-term obligations.
| 7 | Like other global scale ratings, (sf) ratings reflect both the likelihood of a default and the expected loss suffered in the event of default. Ratings are assigned based on a rating committee’s assessment of a security’s expected loss rate (default probability multiplied by expected loss severity), and may be subject to the constraint that the final expected loss rating assigned would not be more than a certain number of notches, typically three to five notches, above the rating that would be assigned based on an assessment of default probability alone. The magnitude of this constraint may vary with the level of the rating, the seasoning of the transaction, and the uncertainty around the assessments of expected loss and probability of default. |
A-2
P-2—Ratings of Prime-2 reflect a strong ability to repay short-term obligations.
P-3—Ratings of Prime-3 reflect an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NP—Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s US Municipal Ratings:
U.S. Municipal Short-Term Debt and Demand Obligation Ratings:
Moody’s uses the global short-term Prime rating scale for commercial paper issued by US municipalities and nonprofits. These commercial paper programs may be backed by external letters of credit or liquidity facilities, or by an issuer’s self-liquidity.
For other short-term municipal obligations, Moody’s uses one of two other short-term rating scales, the Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and Variable Municipal Investment Grade (VMIG) scales discussed below.
MIG Ratings:
Moody’s uses the MIG scale for US municipal cash flow notes, bond anticipation notes and certain other short-term obligations, which typically mature in three years or less. Under certain circumstances, Moody’s uses the MIG scale for bond anticipation notes with maturities of up to five years.
MIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
VMIG Ratings:
For variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), Moody’s assigns both a long-term rating and a short-term payment obligation rating. The long-term rating addresses the issuer’s ability to meet scheduled principal and interest payments. The short-term payment obligation rating addresses the ability of the issuer or the liquidity provider to meet any purchase price payment obligations resulting from optional tenders (“on demand”) and/or mandatory tenders of the VRDO. The short-term payment obligation rating uses the VMIG scale. Transitions of VMIG ratings with conditional liquidity support differ from transitions of Prime ratings reflecting the risk that external liquidity support will terminate if the issuer’s long-term rating drops below investment grade.
For VRDOs, Moody’s typically assigns a VMIG rating if the frequency of the payment obligation is less than every three years. If the frequency of the payment obligation is less than three years, but the obligation is payable only with remarketing proceeds, the VMIG short-term rating is not assigned and it is denoted as “NR”. Industrial development bonds in the US where the obligor is a corporate may carry a VMIG rating that reflects Moody’s view of the relative likelihood of default and loss. In these cases, liquidity assessment is based on the liquidity of the corporate obligor.
VMIG 1—This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
A-3
VMIG 2—This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short- term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
VMIG 3—This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections.
SG—This designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have a sufficiently strong short-term rating or may lack the structural or legal protections.
Description of Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s National Scale Long-Term Ratings:
Moody’s long-term National Scale Ratings (NSRs) are opinions of the relative creditworthiness of issuers and financial obligations within a particular country. NSRs are not designed to be compared among countries; rather, they address relative credit risk within a given country. Moody’s assigns national scale ratings in certain local capital markets in which investors have found the global rating scale provides inadequate differentiation among credits or is inconsistent with a rating scale already in common use in the country.
In each specific country, the last two characters of the rating indicate the country in which the issuer is located or the financial obligation was issued (e.g., Aaa.ke for Kenya).
Long-Term NSR Scale
Aaa.n Issuers or issues rated Aaa.n demonstrate the strongest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Aa.n Issuers or issues rated Aa.n demonstrate very strong creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
A.n Issuers or issues rated A.n present above-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Baa.n Issuers or issues rated Baa.n represent average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Ba.n Issuers or issues rated Ba.n demonstrate below-average creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
B.n Issuers or issues rated B.n demonstrate weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Caa.n Issuers or issues rated Caa.n demonstrate very weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Ca.n Issuers or issues rated Ca.n demonstrate extremely weak creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
C.n Issuers or issues rated C.n demonstrate the weakest creditworthiness relative to other domestic issuers and issuances.
Note: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
A-4
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Long-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
Issue credit ratings are based, in varying degrees, on S&P Global Ratings’ analysis of the following considerations:
| • | The likelihood of payment—the capacity and willingness of the obligor to meet its financial commitments on an obligation in accordance with the terms of the obligation; |
| • | The nature and provisions of the financial obligation, and the promise S&P Global Ratings imputes; and |
| • | The protection afforded by, and relative position of, the financial obligation in the event of a bankruptcy, reorganization, or other arrangement under the laws of bankruptcy and other laws affecting creditors’ rights. |
An issue rating is an assessment of default risk but may incorporate an assessment of relative seniority or ultimate recovery in the event of default. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect lower priority in bankruptcy, as noted above. (Such differentiation may apply when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.)
AAA—An obligation rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA—An obligation rated “AA” differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is very strong.
A—An obligation rated “A” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is still strong.
BBB—An obligation rated “BBB” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
BB, B, CCC, CC, and C—Obligations rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, “CC”, and “C” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “C” the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB—An obligation rated “BB” is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B—An obligation rated “B” is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CCC—An obligation rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
CC—An obligation rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
A-5
C—An obligation rated “C” is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, and the obligation is expected to have lower relative seniority or lower ultimate recovery compared with obligations that are rated higher.
D—An obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within the next five business days in the absence of a stated grace period or within the earlier of the stated grace period or the next 30 calendar days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings:
A-1—A short-term obligation rated “A-1” is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is strong. Within this category,
certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2—A short-term obligation rated “A-2” is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3—A short-term obligation rated “A-3” exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken an obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
B—A short-term obligation rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C—A short-term obligation rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitments on the obligation.
D—A short-term obligation rated “D” is in default or in breach of an imputed promise. For non-hybrid capital instruments, the “D” rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due, unless S&P Global Ratings believes that such payments will be made within any stated grace period.
However, any stated grace period longer than five business days will be treated as five business days. The “D” rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions. A rating on an obligation is lowered to “D” if it is subject to a distressed debt restructuring.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Municipal Short-Term Note Ratings:
An S&P Global Ratings U.S. municipal note rating reflects S&P Global Ratings’ opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating.
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In determining which type of rating, if any, to assign, S&P Global Ratings’ analysis will review the following considerations:
| • | Amortization schedule—the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
| • | Source of payment—the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
SP-1—Strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2—Satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3—Speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
D—“D” is assigned upon failure to pay the note when due, completion of a distressed debt restructuring, or the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action and where default on an obligation is a virtual certainty, for example due to automatic stay provisions.
Long-Term Issuer Credit Ratings
AAA An obligor rated “AAA” has extremely strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. “AAA” is the highest issuer credit rating assigned by S&P Global Ratings.
AA An obligor rated “AA” has very strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It differs from the highest- rated obligors only to a small degree.
A An obligor rated “A” has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments but is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in higher-rated categories.
BBB An obligor rated “BBB” has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments.
BB, B, CCC, and CC Obligors rated “BB”, “B”, “CCC”, and “CC” are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. “BB” indicates the least degree of speculation and “CC” the highest. While such obligors will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposure to adverse conditions.
BB An obligor rated “BB” is less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
B An obligor rated “B” is more vulnerable than the obligors rated “BB”, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments.
CCC An obligor rated “CCC” is currently vulnerable and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments.
CC An obligor rated “CC” is currently highly vulnerable. The “CC” rating is used when a default has not yet occurred but S&P Global Ratings expects default to be a virtual certainty, regardless of the anticipated time to default.
SD and D An obligor is rated “SD” (selective default) or “D” if S&P Global Ratings considers there to be a default on one or more of its financial obligations, whether long- or short-term, including rated and unrated
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obligations but excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in nonpayment according to terms. A “D” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An “SD” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. A rating on an obligor is lowered to “D” or “SD” if it is conducting a distressed debt restructuring.
Ratings from “AA” to “CCC” may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the rating categories.
Short-Term Issuer Credit Ratings
A-1 An obligor rated “A-1” has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It is rated in the highest category by S&P Global Ratings. Within this category, certain obligors are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments is extremely strong.
A-2 An obligor rated “A-2” has satisfactory capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in the highest rating category.
A-3 An obligor rated “A-3” has adequate capacity to meet its financial obligations. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to weaken the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitments.
B An obligor rated “B” is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties that could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
C An obligor rated “C” is currently vulnerable to nonpayment that would result in an “SD” or “D” issuer rating and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments.
SD and D An obligor is rated “SD” (selective default) or “D” if S&P Global Ratings considers there to be a default on one or more of its financial obligations, whether long- or short-term, including rated and unrated obligations but excluding hybrid instruments classified as regulatory capital or in nonpayment according to terms. A “D” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An “SD” rating is assigned when S&P Global Ratings believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. A rating on an obligor is lowered to “D” or “SD” if it is conducting a distressed debt restructuring.
Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Dual Ratings:
Dual ratings may be assigned to debt issues that have a put option or demand feature. The first component of the rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second component of the rating addresses only the demand feature. The first component of the rating can relate to either a short-term or long-term transaction and accordingly use either short-term or long-term rating symbols. The second component of the rating relates to the put option and is assigned a short-term rating symbol (for example, “AAA/A-1+” or “A-1+/A-1”). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, the U.S. municipal short-term note rating symbols are used for the first component of the rating (for example, “SP-1+/A-1+”).
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Description of S&P Global Ratings’ Active Qualifiers:
S&P Global Ratings uses the following qualifiers that limit the scope of a rating. The structure of the transaction can require the use of a qualifier such as a “p” qualifier, which indicates the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only. A qualifier appears as a suffix and is part of the rating.
Federal deposit insurance limit: “L” qualifier. Ratings qualified with “L” apply only to amounts invested up to federal deposit insurance limits.
Principal: “p” qualifier. This suffix is used for issues in which the credit factors, the terms, or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of payment of principal are different from the credit factors, terms, or both that determine the likelihood of receipt of interest on the obligation. The “p” suffix indicates that the rating addresses the principal portion of the obligation only and that the interest is not rated.
Preliminary ratings: “prelim” qualifier. Preliminary ratings, with the “prelim” suffix, may be assigned to obligors or obligations, including financial programs, in the circumstances described below. Assignment of a final rating is conditional on the receipt by S&P Global Ratings of appropriate documentation. S&P Global Ratings reserves the right not to issue a final rating. Moreover, if a final rating is issued, it may differ from the preliminary rating.
| • | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations, most commonly structured and project finance issues, pending receipt of final documentation and legal opinions. |
| • | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to obligations that will likely be issued upon the obligor’s emergence from bankruptcy or similar reorganization, based on late-stage reorganization plans, documentation, and discussions with the obligor. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligors. These ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the reorganized or post-bankruptcy issuer as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s). |
| • | Preliminary ratings may be assigned to entities that are being formed or that are in the process of being independently established when, in S&P Global Ratings’ opinion, documentation is close to final. Preliminary ratings may also be assigned to the obligations of these entities. |
| • | Preliminary ratings may be assigned when a previously unrated entity is undergoing a well-formulated restructuring, recapitalization, significant financing, or other transformative event, generally at the point that investor or lender commitments are invited. The preliminary rating may be assigned to the entity and to its proposed obligation(s). These preliminary ratings consider the anticipated general credit quality of the obligor, as well as attributes of the anticipated obligation(s), assuming successful completion of the transformative event. Should the transformative event not occur, S&P Global Ratings would likely withdraw these preliminary ratings. |
| • | A preliminary recovery rating may be assigned to an obligation that has a preliminary issue credit rating. |
Termination structures: “t” qualifier. This symbol indicates termination structures that are designed to honor their contracts to full maturity or, should certain events occur, to terminate and cash settle all their contracts before their final maturity date.
Counterparty instrument rating: “cir” qualifier. This symbol indicates a counterparty instrument rating (CIR), which is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an issuer in a securitization structure with respect to a specific financial obligation to a counterparty (including interest rate swaps, currency swaps, and liquidity facilities). The CIR is determined on an ultimate payment basis; these opinions do not take into account timeliness of payment.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Corporate Finance Obligations:
Ratings of individual securities or financial obligations of a corporate issuer address relative vulnerability to default on an ordinal scale. In addition, for financial obligations in corporate finance, a measure of recovery
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given default on that liability is also included in the rating assessment. This notably applies to covered bonds ratings, which incorporate both an indication of the probability of default and of the recovery given a default of this debt instrument. On the contrary, ratings of debtor-in-possession (DIP) obligations incorporate the expectation of full repayment.
The relationship between the issuer scale and obligation scale assumes a generic historical average recovery. Individual obligations can be assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or Issuer Default Rating (IDR), based on their relative ranking, relative vulnerability to default or based on explicit Recovery Ratings.
As a result, individual obligations of entities, such as corporations, are assigned ratings higher, lower, or the same as that entity’s issuer rating or IDR, except DIP obligation ratings that are not based off an IDR. At the lower end of the ratings scale, Fitch publishes explicit Recovery Ratings in many cases to complement issuer and obligation ratings.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. “CCC” ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk. “CC” ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. “C” indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk.
The ratings of corporate finance obligations are linked to Issuer Default Ratings (IDRs) (or sometimes Viability Ratings for banks and non-bank financial institutions) by i) recovery expectations, including as often indicated by Recovery Ratings assigned in the case of low speculative grade issuers and ii) for banks and non- bank financial institutions an assessment of non-performance risk relative to the risk captured in the IDR or Viability Rating (e.g. in respect of certain hybrid securities).
For performing obligations, the obligation rating represents the risk of default and includes the effect of expected recoveries on the credit risk should a default occur.
If the obligation rating is higher than the rating of the issuer, this indicates above average recovery expectations in the event of default. If the obligations rating is lower than the rating of the issuer, this indicates low expected recoveries should default occur.
Ratings in the categories of “CCC”, “CC” and “C” can also relate to obligations or issuers that are in default. In this case, the rating does not opine on default risk but reflects the recovery expectation only.
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Description of Fitch Ratings’ Issuer Default Ratings:
Rated entities in a number of sectors, including financial and non-financial corporations, sovereigns, insurance companies and certain sectors within public finance, are generally assigned IDRs. IDRs are also assigned to certain entities or enterprises in global infrastructure, project finance and public finance. IDRs opine on an entity’s relative vulnerability to default (including by way of a distressed debt exchange) on financial obligations. The threshold default risk addressed by the IDR is generally that of the financial obligations whose non-payment would best reflect the uncured failure of that entity. As such, IDRs also address relative vulnerability to bankruptcy, administrative receivership or similar concepts.
In aggregate, IDRs provide an ordinal ranking of issuers based on the agency’s view of their relative vulnerability to default, rather than a prediction of a specific percentage likelihood of default.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists that supports the servicing of financial commitments.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Near default. A default or default-like process has begun, or the issuer is in standstill, or for a closed funding vehicle, payment capacity is irrevocably impaired. Conditions that are indicative of a “C” category rating for an issuer include:
| • | The issuer has entered into a grace or cure period following non-payment of a material financial obligation; |
| • | The issuer has entered into a temporary negotiated waiver or standstill agreement following a payment default on a material financial obligation; |
| • | The formal announcement by the issuer or their agent of a distressed debt exchange; |
| • | A closed financing vehicle where payment capacity is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default is imminent |
RD: Restricted Default. “RD” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has experienced:
| • | An uncured payment default or distressed debt exchange on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation, but |
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| • | Has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation, or other formal winding-up procedure, and has not otherwise ceased operating. This would include: |
| • | The selective payment default on a specific class or currency of debt; |
| • | The uncured expiry of any applicable grace period, cure period or default forbearance period following a payment default on a bank loan, capital markets security or other material financial obligation; |
| • | The extension of multiple waivers or forbearance periods upon a payment default on one or more material financial obligations, either in series or in parallel; ordinary execution of a distressed debt exchange on one or more material financial obligations. |
D: Default. “D” ratings indicate an issuer that in Fitch’s opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure or that has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a distressed debt exchange.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agency’s opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuer’s financial obligations or local commercial practice.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Structured Finance Long-Term Obligation Ratings:
Ratings of structured finance obligations on the long-term scale consider the obligations’ relative vulnerability to default. These ratings are typically assigned to an individual security or tranche in a transaction and not to an issuer.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality.
“AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality.
“AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality.
“A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality.
“BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
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BB: Speculative.
“BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.
B: Highly Speculative.
“B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk.
Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk.
Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk.
Default appears imminent or inevitable.
D: Default.
Indicates a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
| • | Failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation; |
| • | bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor; or |
| • | distressed exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation to avoid a probable payment default. |
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Country Ceilings Ratings:
Country Ceilings are expressed using the symbols of the long-term issuer primary credit rating scale and relate to sovereign jurisdictions also rated by Fitch on the IDR scale. They reflect the agency’s judgment regarding the risk of capital and exchange controls being imposed by the sovereign authorities that would prevent or materially impede the private sector’s ability to convert local currency into foreign currency and transfer to non-resident creditors—transfer and convertibility (T&C) risk. They are not ratings but expressions of a cap for the foreign currency issuer ratings of most, but not all, issuers in a given country. Given the close correlation between sovereign credit and T&C risks, the Country Ceiling may exhibit a greater degree of volatility than would normally be expected when it lies above the sovereign Foreign Currency Rating.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Sovereigns, Public Finance and Global Infrastructure Obligations:
Ratings of public finance obligations and ratings of infrastructure and project finance obligations on the long-term scale, including the financial obligations of sovereigns, consider the obligations’ relative vulnerability to default. These ratings are assigned to an individual security, instrument or tranche in a transaction. In some cases, considerations of recoveries can have an influence on obligation ratings in infrastructure and project finance. In limited cases in U.S. public finance, where Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code provides reliably
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superior prospects for ultimate recovery to local government obligations that benefit from a statutory lien on revenues, Fitch reflects this in a security rating with limited notching above the IDR. Recovery expectations can also be reflected in a security rating in the U.S. during the pendency of a bankruptcy proceeding under the Code if there is sufficient visibility on potential recovery prospects.
AAA: Highest Credit Quality. “AAA” ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AA: Very High Credit Quality. “AA” ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
A: High Credit Quality. “A” ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBB: Good Credit Quality. “BBB” ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate, but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BB: Speculative. “BB” ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time.
B: Highly Speculative. “B” ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC: Substantial Credit Risk. Very low margin for safety. Default is a real possibility.
CC: Very High Levels of Credit Risk. Default of some kind appears probable.
C: Exceptionally High Levels of Credit Risk. Default appears imminent or inevitable.
D: Default. Indicates a default. Default generally is defined as one of the following:
| • | Failure to make payment of principal and/or interest under the contractual terms of the rated obligation; |
| • | bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other winding-up or cessation of the business of an issuer/obligor where payment default on an obligation is a virtual certainty; or |
| • | distressed exchange of an obligation, where creditors were offered securities with diminished structural or economic terms compared with the existing obligation to avoid a probable payment default |
Notes: In U.S. public finance, obligations may be pre-refunded, where funds sufficient to meet the requirements of the respective obligations are placed in an escrow account. When obligation ratings are maintained based on the escrowed funds and their structural elements, the ratings carry the suffix “pre” (e.g. “AAApre”, “AA+pre”).
Structured Finance Defaults
Imminent default, categorized under “C”, typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a distressed debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
Additionally, in structured finance transactions, where analysis indicates that an instrument is irrevocably impaired such that it is not expected to pay interest and/or principal in full in accordance with the terms of the
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obligation’s documentation during the life of the transaction, but where no payment default in accordance with the terms of the documentation is imminent, the obligation will typically be rated in the “C” category.
Structured Finance Write-downs
Where an instrument has experienced an involuntary and, in the agency’s opinion, irreversible write-down of principal (i.e. other than through amortization, and resulting in a loss to the investor), a credit rating of “D” will be assigned to the instrument. Where the agency believes the write-down may prove to be temporary (and the loss may be written up again in future if and when performance improves), then a credit rating of “C” will typically be assigned. Should the write-down then later be reversed, the credit rating will be raised to an appropriate level for that instrument. Should the write-down later be deemed as irreversible, the credit rating will be lowered to “D”.
Notes:
In the case of structured finance, while the ratings do not address the loss severity given default of the rated liability, loss severity assumptions on the underlying assets are nonetheless typically included as part of the analysis. Loss severity assumptions are used to derive pool cash flows available to service the rated liability.
The suffix “sf” denotes an issue that is a structured finance transaction.
Enhanced Equipment Trust Certificates (EETCs) are corporate-structured hybrid debt securities that airlines typically use to finance aircraft equipment. Due to the hybrid characteristics of these bonds, Fitch’s rating approach incorporates elements of both the structured finance and corporate rating methodologies. Although rated as asset-backed securities, unlike other structured finance ratings, EETC ratings involve a measure of recovery given default akin to ratings of financial obligations in corporate finance, as described above.
Description of Fitch Ratings’ Short-Term Ratings Assigned to Issuers and Obligations:
A short-term issuer or obligation rating is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term deposit ratings may be adjusted for loss severity. Short-Term Ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as “short term” based on market convention (a long-term rating can also be used to rate an issue with short maturity). Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, sovereign, and structured obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets.
F1: Highest Short-Term Credit Quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2: Good Short-Term Credit Quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3: Fair Short-Term Credit Quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
B: Speculative Short-Term Credit Quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
C: High Short-Term Default Risk. Default is a real possibility.
RD: Restricted Default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Typically applicable to entity ratings only.
D: Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
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APPENDIX B-1—PROXY VOTING POLICY OF FRANKLIN TEMPLETON FUND ADVISER, LLC
FTFA delegates to each sub-adviser the responsibility for voting proxies for its funds, as applicable, through its contracts with each sub-adviser. Each sub-adviser may use its own proxy voting policies and procedures to vote proxies of the funds if the funds’ Board reviews and approves the use of those policies and procedures. Accordingly, FTFA does not expect to have proxy-voting responsibility for any of the funds.
Should FTFA become responsible for voting proxies for any reason, such as the inability of a sub-adviser to provide investment advisory services, FTFA shall utilize the proxy voting guidelines established by the most recent sub-adviser to vote proxies until a new sub-adviser is retained and the use of its proxy voting policies and procedures is authorized by the Board. In the case of a material conflict between the interests of FTFA (or its affiliates if such conflict is known to persons responsible for voting at FTFA) and any fund, the Board of Directors of FTFA shall consider how to address the conflict and/or how to vote the proxies. FTFA shall maintain records of all proxy votes in accordance with applicable securities laws and regulations.
FTFA shall be responsible for gathering relevant documents and records related to proxy voting from each sub-adviser and providing them to the funds as required for the funds to comply with applicable rules under the Investment Company Act of 1940. FTFA shall also be responsible for coordinating the provision of information to the Board with regard to the proxy voting policies and procedures of each sub-adviser, including the actual proxy voting policies and procedures of each sub-adviser, changes to such policies and procedures, and reports on the administration of such policies and procedures.
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APPENDIX B-2—PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES OF BENEFIT STREET PARTNERS L.L.C.
| XXVII. | PROXY VOTING AND OTHER VOTING OR CONSENT/ACTION POLICIES AND PROCEDURES |
| A. | Introduction/General Principles |
In accordance with the Firm’s fiduciary duty to vote proxies and consents and otherwise make determinations in the best interests of the Firm’s Clients, including but not limited to Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act, the overriding principle of the Firm’s proxy and/or other voting (and similar actions and determinations) is to maximize the financial interests of its Clients. For avoidance of doubt, these Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures applies to any proxy and any other shareholder or beneficial owner vote, consent, action or similar determination, including a vote, consent or action with respect to a private company that does not involve a public proxy and certain consents or other actions relating to debt or other instruments, such as waivers of covenant breaches or amendments to governing documents (all of which are referred to herein as “Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters”).
It is the policy of the Firm in Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters to consider and vote or otherwise act with respect to each proposal with the objective of maximizing investment returns for Clients on a Client-by-Client basis. These guidelines address a broad range of issues, including, for example, board size and composition, executive compensation, anti-takeover proposals, capital structure proposals and social responsibility issues and are meant to be general voting, consent and action parameters on issues that arise most frequently. The Firm may, however, vote, consent and/or act in a manner that is contrary to the following general guidelines if it believes that it would be in Clients’ best interest to do so, and the Firm makes such determination on a Client-by-Client basis.
The Compliance Team has the responsibility to administer these Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures and to monitor Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters for any conflicts of interest, regardless of whether they are actual or perceived. For example, the Firm or its Supervised Persons may take positions outside of the Clients through one or more proprietary accounts or funds or personal accounts and, therefore, situations may arise where there would be a conflict between maximizing investment returns for one or more Clients and the Firm’s or a Supervised Person’s interests. In addition, Clients may invest in different layers of the capital structure of a portfolio company, issuer or borrower (for example, a certain Client (i) may own debt of a portfolio company, issuer or borrower while another Client may own equity in the same portfolio company, issuer or borrower, (ii) may own debt of a portfolio company, issuer or borrower while another Client may own a different tranche or other class or issue of debt of the same portfolio company, issuer or borrower, and/or (iii) may own equity of a portfolio company, issuer or borrower while another Client may own a different equity security of the same portfolio company, issuer or borrower). Furthermore, a Client may participate in debt originated to finance the acquisition by other Clients of an equity or other interest in an issuer or borrower. To the extent a work out, reorganization or other major corporate event occurs with respect to any such portfolio company, issuer or borrower, conflicts may exist between or among the Clients invested in such portfolio company, issuer or borrower.
All Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters will require a mandatory conflicts of interest review by the Compliance Team in accordance with these Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures, which will include consideration of whether (i) the Firm, (ii) any investment professional or other person within the Firm recommending how to vote, (iii) only one Client or multiple Clients of the Firm, and/or (iv) the Firm’s affiliates and their clients has an interest in the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters that may present a conflict of interest. As noted above, in all such cases, maximizing investment returns for Clients on a Client-by-Client basis is paramount. As such, the Firm may cast different votes or consents or otherwise act in a different manner on behalf of different Clients with respect to the same portfolio company, issuer or borrower.
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The Portfolio Manager responsible for any Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter will be responsible for notifying the Compliance Team in advance of any vote, consent and/or action in a timely manner and must receive advance approval from the Compliance Team before voting, consenting and/or acting with respect to any such Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter. If at any time any investment professional becomes aware of any potential or actual conflict of interest or perceived conflict of interest regarding any particular Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter, he or she should contact the Compliance Team. If any investment professional is pressured or lobbied either from within or outside of the Firm with respect to any particular Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters, he or she should contact the Compliance Team.
If the Compliance Team determines that an actual or perceived conflict of interest may exist, they shall notify the Chief Operating Officer who will review and evaluate the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters proposal and the circumstances surrounding the conflict to determine the vote, consent or action, which will be in the best interest of the Clients, in each case on a Client-by-Client basis. In addition, where the Chief Operating Officer deems appropriate, the Firm may utilize (i) separate deal teams, separate outside counsel and other information barriers, internal screens and ethical walls to protect the interests of each Client and (ii) unaffiliated third parties (including without limitation advisory committees and/or independent directors) to help resolve conflicts and/or approve of the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter. Subject to the organizational and offerings documents of any given Client, the Chief Operating Officer shall have the power to retain independent fiduciaries, consultants, or professionals to assist with Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters and/or to delegate voting, consent or action powers to such fiduciaries, consultants or professionals.
If the Compliance Team determines that an actual or perceived conflict of interest may exist between maximizing investment returns for one or more Clients and the Firm’s or a Supervised Person’s interests, the Firm or its Supervised Persons will vote, consent or act with respect to securities or other instruments held in a proprietary account or fund or in a personal account in the best interests of the Clients on a Client-by-Client basis or otherwise abstain from voting, consenting or acting in a manner that is contrary to the best interests of the Clients on a Client-by-Client basis with respect to such securities or other instruments.
In addition, the Firm will maintain all Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters records as described further below. The Firm’s Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures will be reviewed and, as necessary, updated periodically by the Compliance Team to address new or revised voting, consent or action issues.
Please note that although the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters process (particularly with respect to proxy voting) is well established in the U.S., Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters with respect to foreign companies may involve a number of logistical problems that have a detrimental effect on the Firm’s ability to vote, consent or act. The logistical problems include language barriers, untimely or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings, restrictions on a foreigner’s ability to exercise votes, and requirements to vote, consent or act in person. Such Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters are handled on a best-efforts basis given the above logistical problems.
The Firm will make copies of these Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures available upon request to Clients and, when the Client is a Fund, to the investors in that Fund.
Supervised Persons who receive a Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters proposal will consult with the Portfolio Manager responsible for the investment in the security or other instrument to which the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters proposal relates or as otherwise directed by the Compliance Team. The Portfolio Manager is responsible for making sure the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters is acted upon in a timely manner (including without limitation an affirmative decision to abstain from voting, consenting or acting).
Subject to potential exceptions applicable to Voting, Consent, and/or Action Matters involving the securities of ERISA Clients (which are governed by Section XXVIII (ERISA Matters)), the Portfolio Manager is not
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required to vote, consent or act with respect to a Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter if the cost of voting, consenting or acting due to special translation, delivery or other facts and circumstances would outweigh the benefit of voting, consenting or acting for one or more Clients. The Portfolio Manager is also not required to vote, consent or act with respect to a Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter if the Portfolio Manager believes the proposal is not adverse to the best interest of any Clients, or, if adverse, the outcome of the Voting, Consent and/or Action Matter is not in doubt. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the decision not to exercise voting power over certain Voting, Consent, and/or Action Matters may be reportable on Form N-PX, as discussed in Section XXX (Regulatory Reporting Requirements).
Any questions with regard to voting, consenting or acting (or abstaining from voting, consenting or acting) with respect to Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters should be referred to the Compliance Team.
| B. | Guidelines |
The following represents a guideline for each of the principal policy issues:
| 1. | Routine Proposals |
Routine proposals include such issues as the approval of auditors, and election of directors. Generally, these proposals will be voted consistent with the recommendation of management. As a matter of policy, it is the Firm’s intention to hold corporate officers accountable for actions, either on the basis of specific actions taken as an individual, or as part of a committee, that conflict with the goal of maximizing shareholder value.
| 2. | Non-Routine Proposals |
Non-routine proposals include issues that could have a long-term impact on the way a corporation or other entity handles certain matters. Examples of these proposals include (a) restructuring efforts, (b) changes to the number of directors, (c) name changes, (d) mergers & acquisitions (or equivalent actions,) and (e) changes in the issuance of common or preferred stock, stock options plans, etc. Again, these proposals will be analyzed with a goal of maximizing shareholder value and the interests of the Firm’s Clients on a Client-by-Client basis.
| 3. | Corporate Governance Proposal |
This category includes poison pills, golden parachutes, cumulative voting, classified boards, limitations of officer and director liabilities, etc. Generally speaking, these are issues proposed by an entrenched management looking to maximize their own best interests at the expense of shareholders at large. As such, these proposals will usually generate negative responses from the Firm.
| 4. | Social Issues |
These proposals range from divestment from geographical or industrial representation to environmental or other matters, either internal or external. The Firm will consider voting, consenting or acting for issues that have redeeming social merit that neither compromises the company’s competitive position within an industry, nor adversely impacts the goal of maximizing shareholder value and the interests of the Firm’s Clients on a Client-by-Client basis.
| 5. | Other Proposals |
These proposals, excluding those referenced above, usually deal with subjects such as compensation, employee hiring, and corporate governance issues. These cannot be generalized other than to say that they reflect personal points of view, and typically fall into the category of micro-management, an area that the Firm tends to avoid. These proposals will be viewed in the light of voting, consenting or acting in a manner that the Firm believes maximizes shareholder/investor value and the interests of the Firm’s Clients on a Client-by-Client basis.
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| 6. | Conflicts and Split Voting |
If a Portfolio Manager (or his or her designee) determines that a material conflict may exist between a Client’s interests and the Firm’s interest or between two or more Clients’ interests, the Portfolio Manager (or his or her designee) shall inform the Compliance Team of such material conflict. The Compliance Team shall determine the appropriate course of action in consultation with the Chief Operating Officer, as described above. In addition, where the Chief Operating Officer deems appropriate, separate deal teams, separate outside counsel and other information barriers, internal screens and ethical walls, as well as unaffiliated third parties (including without limitation advisory committees and/or independent directors) may be used to help resolve conflicts and make decisions to protect the interests of each Client. The Firm or its Supervised Persons will vote, consent or act with respect to securities or other instruments held in a proprietary account or fund or in a personal account in the best interests of the Clients on a Client-by-Client basis or otherwise abstain from voting, consenting or acting in a manner that is contrary to the best interests of the Clients on a Client-by-Client basis with respect to such securities or other instruments. In all such cases, maximizing investment returns for Clients on a Client-by-Client basis is paramount.
Situations may arise in which more than one Client invests in different parts of the capital structure of the same company. In those situations, two or more Clients may be invested in strategies having different investment objectives, investment styles, economic positions or portfolio managers. As a result, the Firm may cast different votes or consents or take other different actions on behalf of different Clients. In each case, the Firm will determine the vote, consent or action that the Firm believes is in the best interests of each Client, without regard to the interests of any other Client.
| C. | Conflict Management Procedures With Respect to Investments in Certain Real Estate Development Projects |
As noted herein, in accordance with the Firm’s fiduciary duty pursuant to the Advisers Act and otherwise under law to invest, act, and otherwise make determinations in accordance with what the Firm believes to be in the best interests of each of the Firm’s Clients, the Firm has adopted and implements procedures to ensure that it serves the interests of each Client, on a Client-by-Client basis, at all times (i.e., the Firm will at all times act in a manner that it believes to be in the best interests of each Client without regard to the interests of any other Client, or any other affiliate of the Firm).
Also as noted in herein, situations may arise in which more than one Client (or other affiliate of the Firm) may invest in different parts or different layers of the capital structure of a portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity. For example, a Client (i) may own debt of a portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity while another Client may own equity in the same portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity, (ii) may own debt of a portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity while another Client may own a different tranche or other class or issue of debt of the same portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity, and/or (iii) may own equity of a portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity while another Client may own a different equity security of the same portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity. As a result, whether at the time of making such investment, or at the time that any vote, consent or other action is required with respect to such investment (such as, for example, at the time of a work-out, reorganization or other major corporate event with respect to any such portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity), conflicts may exist between or among the Clients (or other Firm affiliates) investing in or invested in such portfolio company, issuer, borrower or other entity.
Specifically and not in limitation of the procedures set forth elsewhere in this Manual, in order avoid potential conflicts between Clients or other Firm affiliates within the same issuer or borrower’s capital structure with regard to certain real estate project development transactions and related real estate project financings (collectively, the “Real Estate Development Projects”), whenever it is reasonably practical to do so in connection with the limited liability companies, limited partnerships, joint ventures, special purpose vehicles and/or other
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entities formed with respect to the investments made by the Firm on behalf of its Clients in such Real Estate Development Projects (such entities, the “Real Estate Development Project Investment Entities”), if more than one Client or other Firm affiliate has an interest in such Real Estate Development Project that may be in conflict with the interest of another Client or other Firm affiliate in such Real Estate Development Project, the Firm shall seek to have at least one of the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entities managed and controlled by an entity that is not in any manner affiliated with the Firm (an “Independent Party”) in order to ensure that, notwithstanding the economic interests in the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity held by a Client or other Firm affiliate, the Independent Party manages and controls the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity to ensure the separate management and control of the interests in the Real Estate Development Project held from time to time by Clients and/or other affiliates of the Firm.
In order to implement the foregoing, the Firm and/or its affiliates (1) whenever it is reasonably practical in connection with the formation and documentation of Real Estate Development Project Investment Entities, shall seek to have the limited partnership agreement, limited liability company operating agreement, joint venture agreement and/or other governance document of such Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity (the “Governance Documents”) provide that, if any other Client or other affiliate of the Firm has an interest in such Real Estate Development Project, (i) such Independent Party shall serve as the general partner, managing member, or other similar capacity of such Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity and such Independent Party shall exercise all management and control authority with respect thereto in accordance with such Governance Documents, and (ii) in the event that the Firm or any Client or other Firm affiliate has the right pursuant to such Governance Documents to remove such Independent Party as the general partner, managing member or other similar capacity from such role with respect to the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity, the Firm, the Client or other Firm affiliate may only to so if, not later than thirty (30) days after such removal, the Firm, the Client or other Firm affiliate designates another Independent Party to serve in such capacity (and during such up to thirty (30) day period, the Firm, the Client and/or other Firm affiliate does not exercise any management or control rights with respect to the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity that relate to the Real Estate Development Project if such exercise of such management or control rights is, or reasonably could be interpreted to be, either not in the best interests of the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity with respect to the Real Estate Development Project or adverse to the interests in the Real Estate Development Project of any other Client or affiliate of the Firm) and/or (2) whenever the Firm or its affiliates do not include the foregoing conflict protections in the Governance Documents of such Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity, the Firm and its affiliates shall nonetheless, as a matter of internal policy and procedures, act in a manner in full compliance with the provisions set forth in clause (1) of this paragraph.
The paramount conceptual and implementation requirement of the foregoing compliance procedures are to ensure that, in situations where a conflict exists, or could reasonably be interpreted to exist, between Clients or other affiliates of the Firm with respect to Real Estate Development Projects, the Firm and its affiliates shall eliminate (or substantially mitigate) any such conflicts by having an Independent Party exercise all decision making authority with respect to the interests of one of the Clients or other affiliates of the Firm with respect to such Real Estate Development Project through the establishment of a Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity managed and controlled by such Independent Party. This will ensure that, both at the time of such investment and in the event that any decision or other action must be made or determined with respect to the interests in the Real Estate Development Project, the Firm and its affiliates are not placed in the position of having to manage competing and conflicting interests of its Clients or other affiliates, and the Firm may then act in the best interests of the Client or other affiliates for which the Firm has management and/or control rights with respect to the Real Estate Development Project while the Independent Party exercises separate and independent management and control rights with respect to the Real Estate Development Project through the Real Estate Development Project Investment Entity, including with respect to Real Estate Development Project Investment Entities in which another Client or other affiliate of the Firm may have an economic interest.
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| D. | Recordkeeping |
In accordance with the Firm’s Record Policies, the Firm must retain copies of (i) these Proxy Voting and Other Voting or Consent/Action Policies and Procedures and all amendments thereto; (ii) Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters proposals received regarding Client securities and instruments; (iii) records of votes, consents or actions taken on behalf of Clients; (iv) records of Client requests for Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters information and a copy of any written response by the Firm to any (written or oral) Client request for such information; (v) any documents prepared by the Firm that were material to making a decision on how to vote, consent or act; and (vi) records relating to Voting, Consent and/or Action Matters concerning situations with material conflicts of interest. The information should be retained by the relevant Portfolio Manager and copies sent to the Compliance Team.
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APPENDIX C—FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of Franklin BSP Lending Fund (the “Fund”) as of July 9, 2025 and the related statement of operations for the period March 25, 2025 (inception) to July 9, 2025, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Fund as of July 9, 2025 and the results of its operations for the period March 25, 2025 (inception) to July 9, 2025 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Fund’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Fund’s financial statements based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Fund in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit of these financial statements in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud.
Our audit included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audit also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Baltimore, Maryland
July 22, 2025
We have served as the auditor of one or more investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds since 1948.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 100 East Pratt Street,
Suite 2600 Baltimore, Maryland 21202-1096
410 783 7600
www.pwc.com
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Statement of Assets and Liabilities
| July 9, 2025 | ||||
| Assets: |
||||
| Cash |
$ | 100,000 | ||
| Deferred offering costs (Note 2) |
343,954 | |||
| Receivable from investment manager |
270,830 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Assets |
714,784 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Liabilities: |
||||
| Accrued offering costs |
343,954 | |||
| Organization expenses payable (Note 2) |
270,830 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Liabilities |
614,784 | |||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Net Assets |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Components of Net Assets: |
||||
| Paid-in capital (no par value, unlimited number of shares authorized, 10,000 Class R6 shares issued and outstanding) |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Total Net Assets |
$ | 100,000 | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Class R6 Net Asset Value |
$ | 10.00 | ||
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Statement of Operations
For the Period Ended July 9, 2025†
| Expenses |
||||
| Organizational cost (Note 2) |
$ | 270,830 | ||
| Less: Fee waivers and/or expense reimbursements (Note 3) |
(270,830 | ) | ||
|
|
|
|||
| Net Expenses |
— | |||
|
|
|
| † | For the period March 25, 2025 (inception) to July 9, 2025. |
See Accompanying Notes to Financial Statements.
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Notes to Financial Statements
July 9, 2025
Note 1—Organization
Franklin BSP Lending Fund (the “Fund”), organized on March 25, 2025, as a Delaware statutory trust under the laws of the State of Delaware, is a closed-end, non-diversified, management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Fund intends to operate as an “interval fund” and has not yet commenced operations other than matters relating to its organization and the issuance of 10,000 Class R6 shares to Franklin Resources, Inc. (“Franklin Resources”) at a net asset value of $10.00 per share as of July 9, 2025. The Fund’s term is perpetual unless the Fund is otherwise terminated under the terms of the Declaration of Trust.
The Fund’s investment objective is to generate risk-adjusted returns consistent with current income. The Fund seeks to achieve its investment objective through private debt investment opportunities in middle market companies in the United States, which it generally defines as companies with $25 million to $100 million EBITDA. Under normal circumstances, corporate loans will represent at least 80% of the Fund’s net assets (plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes). The investment portfolio will consist of privately offered secured debt (including senior secured, unitranche and second-lien debt) and unsecured debt (including senior unsecured and subordinated debt) across directly originated corporate loans and, to a lesser extent, broadly syndicated corporate loans, CLOs and high yield corporate bonds. The Fund also intends to invest a portion of its assets in liquid assets.
Note 2—Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The Fund follows the accounting and reporting guidance in Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification Topic 946, Financial Services—Investment Companies (“ASC 946”). The following are significant accounting policies consistently followed by the Fund and are in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”), including, but not limited to, ASC 946.
Use of Estimates
Estimates and assumptions are required to be made that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
The following is a summary of significant accounting policies followed by the Fund in the preparation of the financial statements.
Organization and Offering Costs
The Fund will bear certain of its organizational and initial offering costs in connection with this offering. The Fund’s estimated organizational and initial offering costs incurred through July 9, 2025, are $270,830 and $343,954, respectively. These costs, and any additional costs incurred prior to the commencement of operations, have been and will continue to be paid by Franklin Templeton Fund Adviser, LLC (“FTFA”) or Benefit Street Partners L.L.C. (“BSP”) . These costs will be reimbursed to FTFA or BSP by the Fund and are subject to recoupment in accordance with the Fund’s expense limitation agreement (as further discussed in Note 3) after the Fund commences investment operations other than matters relating to its organization. Organizational costs consist primarily of costs to establish the Fund and enable it to legally conduct business and are expensed as incurred. Offering costs are capitalized and amortized over the twelve-month period beginning with the commencement of operations of the Fund.
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
July 9, 2025
Valuation
The Fund will value securities and other assets in accordance with valuation policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees (the “Board”), and which are consistent with the principles of ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements, and with Rule 2a-5 under the 1940 Act.
Cash
Cash at July 9, 2025, is held on deposit with The Bank of New York Mellon, the Fund’s custodian. Cash held by the Fund at July 9, 2025, is not restricted.
Federal Income Taxes
It is the Fund’s policy to comply with the federal income and excise tax requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (the “Code”), as amended, applicable to regulated investment companies. Accordingly, the Fund intends to distribute substantially all of its taxable income and net realized gains, if any, to shareholders in accordance with timing requirements imposed by the Code. Accordingly, no provision for federal income or excise taxes has been made in the accompanying financial statements.
Note 3—Management Agreement and Transactions with Affiliates
FTFA is the Fund’s investment manager and BSP is the Fund’s sub-adviser. FTFA is an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources and BSP is a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources.
In consideration of the advisory services provided by FTFA, the Fund will pay FTFA a monthly management fee at an annual rate of 0.75% based on the average daily value of the Fund’s net assets (the “Management Fee”). BSP will receive an annual sub-advisory fee, payable quarterly, from FTFA.
Pursuant to an expense limitation agreement with the Fund, FTFA has agreed to waive fees that it would otherwise be paid, and/or to assume expenses of the Fund, if required to ensure certain annual operating expenses (excluding the Management Fee, any distribution and servicing fee, interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend and interest expenses relating to short sales, borrowing costs, merger or reorganization expenses, shareholder meetings expenses, litigation expenses, expenses associated with the acquisition and disposition of investments (including interest and structuring costs for borrowings and line(s) of credit) and extraordinary expenses, if any; collectively, the “Excluded Expenses”) do not exceed 0.25% per annum (excluding Excluded Expenses) of the Fund’s average daily net assets of each class of shares. With respect to each class of shares, the Fund agrees to repay FTFA any fees waived or expenses assumed under the expense limitation agreement for such class of shares, provided the repayments do not cause the Fund’s annual operating expenses (excluding Excluded Expenses) for that class of shares to exceed the expense limitation in place at the time the fees were waived and/or the expenses were reimbursed, or the expense limitation in place at the time the Fund repays FTFA, whichever is lower. Any such repayments must be made within thirty-six months after the month in which FTFA earned the fee or incurred the expense. The Expense Limitation Agreement will have a term ending one year from the date the Fund commences investment operations, and FTFA may extend the term for a period of one year on an annual basis. FTFA may not terminate the expense limitation agreement during its initial one-year term.
For the period from March 25, 2025 (inception) to July 9, 2025, the Fund has not commenced investment operations and no management fee has been incurred.
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Notes to Financial Statements (continued)
July 9, 2025
Franklin Distributors, LLC (the “Distributor”), an indirect, wholly-owned broker-dealer subsidiary of Franklin Resources, acts as the distributor of the Fund’s shares. The Fund has adopted a distribution and servicing plan (the “Distribution Plan”) for its Class S shares, Class D shares and Class M shares to pay to the Distributor a distribution and servicing fee to compensate financial industry professionals for distribution-related expenses, if applicable, and providing ongoing services in respect of shareholders who own such shares. Under the Distribution Plan, Class S, Class D and Class M shares pay a distribution and servicing fee to the Distributor at an annual rate of 0.85%, 0.25% and 0.50%, respectively, based on the aggregate net assets of the Fund attributable to such class. Class I shares and Class R6 shares are not subject to any distribution and servicing fee and do not bear any expenses associated therewith.
All officers and one Trustee of the Fund are employees of Franklin Resources or its affiliates and do not receive compensation from the Fund.
As of July 9, 2025, Franklin Resources and its affiliates owned 100% of the Fund.
Note 4—Subsequent Events
The Fund has performed an evaluation of subsequent events through the date which the financial statements were issued and determined that there were none.
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Franklin BSP Lending Fund
Schedule of Investments
As of and for the Period from July 9, 2025 to August 31, 2025
(Unaudited)
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Schedule of Investments (unaudited)
August 31, 2025
Franklin BSP Lending Fund
(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)
| Security |
Rate | Maturity Date |
Face Amount |
Value | ||||||||||||
| Senior Secured 1st Lien Debt — 87.7% |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Bank Loans — 76.7% |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Business Services — 14.5% |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Corporation Service Company, Tranche B Term Loan |
— | 11/5/29 | $ | 1,500,000 | $ | 1,500,000 | (a) | |||||||||
| CPI Holdco B, LLC, Initial Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.000%) |
6.316 | % | 5/19/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,499,295 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Groome Industrial Service Group, Delayed Draw, Term Loan A |
— | 8/29/31 | 602,000 | 595,980 | (e) | |||||||||||
| Groome Industrial Service Group, Delayed Draw, Term Loan B |
— | 8/29/31 | 904,000 | 894,960 | (e) | |||||||||||
| Groome Industrial Service Group, Revolving Credit Facility |
— | 8/29/31 | 452,000 | 447,480 | (e) | |||||||||||
| Groome Industrial Service Group, Initial Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 4.750%) |
9.066 | % | 8/29/31 | 2,837,000 | 2,808,630 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Business Services |
7,746,345 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Consumer — 5.6% |
||||||||||||||||
| Wand NewCo 3, Inc., Tranche B-2 Term Loan |
— | 1/30/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,498,785 | (a) | |||||||||||
| CNT Holdings I Corp, 2025 Replacement Term Loan (3 mo. Term SOFR + 2.250%) |
6.558 | % | 11/8/32 | 1,500,000 | 1,501,312 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Consumer |
3,000,097 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Financials — 18.6% |
|
|||||||||||||||
| Nexus Buyer LLC, Amendment No. 9 Refinancing Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 3.500%) |
7.816 | % | 7/31/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,499,842 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Osaic Holdings, Inc., Initial Term Loan |
— | 7/30/32 | 1,000,000 | 1,000,765 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Finco I LLC, 2025 Replacement Term Loan |
— | 6/27/29 | 1,500,000 | 1,499,220 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Alliant Holdings Intermediate LLC |
— | 9/19/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,498,403 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Modern Wealth Management, Delayed Draw, Term Loan |
— | 8/29/32 | 1,555,000 | 1,543,337 | (e) | |||||||||||
| Modern Wealth Management, Revolving Credit Facility |
— | 8/29/31 | 311,000 | 308,668 | (e) | |||||||||||
| Modern Wealth Management, Initial Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 4.500%) |
8.816 | % | 8/29/32 | 2,643,000 | 2,623,177 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Financials |
9,973,412 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Food & Beverage — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| Whatabrands LLC, 2024-2 Refinancing Term B Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.500%) |
6.816 | % | 8/3/28 | 1,500,000 | 1,501,988 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Health Care — 8.4% |
||||||||||||||||
| Zelis Payments Buyer, Inc., Amendment No. 5 Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 3.250%) |
7.566 | % | 11/26/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,503,442 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Cotiviti Inc., Initial Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.750%) |
7.030 | % | 5/1/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,501,882 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Resonetics LLC |
— | 6/18/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,500,518 | (a) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Health Care |
4,505,842 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
C-8
Schedule of Investments (unaudited) (cont’d)
August 31, 2025
Franklin BSP Lending Fund
(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)
| Security |
Rate | Maturity Date |
Face Amount |
Value | ||||||||||||
| Industrials — 10.0% |
||||||||||||||||
| Harbor Freight Tools USA Inc., Initial Term Loan |
— | 6/11/31 | $ | 1,000,000 | $ | 989,565 | (a) | |||||||||
| IRB Holding Corp., 2024 Replacement New Term Loan B |
— | 12/15/27 | 1,500,000 | 1,500,472 | (a) | |||||||||||
| EMRLD Borrower LP, Second Amendment Incremental Term Loan |
— | 8/4/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,498,890 | (a) | |||||||||||
| TransDigm Group, Inc., Tranche M Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.500%) |
6.853 | % | 8/13/32 | 1,333,333 | 1,335,227 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Industrials |
5,324,154 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Media/Entertainment — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| CMI Marketing, Inc., Term Loan B |
— | 3/23/28 | 1,500,000 | 1,485,938 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Other — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| Brown Group Holding LLC, Initial Term Loan |
— | 7/1/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,500,210 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Software/Services — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| Genesys Cloud Services Holdings II LLC, 2025 Dollar Term Loan (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.500%) |
6.816 | % | 1/30/32 | 1,500,000 | 1,502,813 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| Technology — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| UKG Inc., Term Loan B |
— | 2/10/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,501,005 | (a) | |||||||||||
| Transportation — 5.6% |
||||||||||||||||
| Clarios Global LP, 2024 Term Loan B (1 mo. Term SOFR + 2.500%) |
6.816 | % | 5/6/30 | 1,500,000 | 1,502,250 | (b)(c)(d) | ||||||||||
| American Airlines Inc., Repriced Term Loan |
— | 4/20/28 | 1,500,000 | 1,497,428 | (a) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Transportation |
2,999,678 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Bank Loans (Cost — $41,001,468) |
41,041,482 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds & Notes — 11.0% |
||||||||||||||||
| Cable — 2.7% |
||||||||||||||||
| Charter Communications Operating LLC/Charter Communications Operating Capital Corp., Senior Secured Notes, |
6.484 | % | 10/23/45 | 1,500,000 | 1,459,931 | |||||||||||
| Financials — 2.8% |
||||||||||||||||
| Icahn Enterprises LP/Icahn Enterprises Finance Corp., Senior Secured Notes, |
5.250 | % | 5/15/27 | 1,500,000 | 1,464,307 | |||||||||||
| Health Care — 2.9% |
||||||||||||||||
| Tenet Healthcare Corp., Senior Secured Notes, |
6.750 | % | 5/15/31 | 1,500,000 | 1,560,059 | |||||||||||
| Utilities — 2.6% |
||||||||||||||||
| Pacific Gas and Electric Co., First Mortgage Bonds, |
5.900 | % | 10/1/54 | 1,500,000 | 1,405,128 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Corporate Bonds & Notes |
5,889,425 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Senior Secured 1st Lien Debt |
46,930,907 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
C-9
Schedule of Investments (unaudited) (cont’d)
August 31, 2025
Franklin BSP Lending Fund
(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)
| Security |
Rate | Maturity Date |
Face Amount |
Value | ||||||||||||
| Subordinated Debt — 7.5% |
||||||||||||||||
| Corporate Bonds & Notes — 7.5% |
||||||||||||||||
| Energy — 2.5% |
||||||||||||||||
| Devon Energy Corp., Senior Notes, |
5.750 | % | 9/15/54 | $ | 1,500,000 | $ | 1,344,436 | |||||||||
| Industrials — 2.7% |
||||||||||||||||
| Boeing Co., Senior Notes, |
5.930 | % | 5/1/60 | 1,500,000 | 1,442,196 | |||||||||||
| Technology — 2.3% |
||||||||||||||||
| Advanced Micro Devices Inc., Senior Notes, |
4.393 | % | 6/1/52 | 1,500,000 | 1,262,733 | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Corporate Bonds & Notes |
4,049,365 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Subordinated Debt (Cost — $4,082,037) |
4,049,365 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Investments before Short-Term Investments |
50,980,272 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Shares | ||||||||||||||||
| Short-Term Investments — 26.5% |
||||||||||||||||
| Western Asset Premier Institutional Government Reserves, Premium Shares (Cost — $14,165,049) |
4.246 | % | 14,165,049 | 14,165,049 | (f)(g) | |||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Investments — 121.7% (Cost — $65,161,199) |
65,145,321 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Liabilities in Excess of Other Assets — (21.7)% |
(11,624,290 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| Total Net Assets — 100.0% |
$ | 53,521,031 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||
| (a) | All or a portion of this loan has not settled as of August 31, 2025. Interest rates are not effective until settlement date. Interest rates shown, if any, are for the settled portion of the loan. |
| (b) | Interest rates disclosed represent the effective rates on senior loans. Ranges in interest rates are attributable to multiple contracts under the same loan. |
| (c) | Senior loans may be considered restricted in that the Fund ordinarily is contractually obligated to receive approval from the agent bank and/or borrower prior to the disposition of a senior loan. |
| (d) | Variable rate security. Interest rate disclosed is as of the most recent information available. Certain variable rate securities are not based on a published reference rate and spread but are determined by the issuer or agent and are based on current market conditions. These securities do not indicate a reference rate and spread in their description above. |
| (e) | All or a portion of this loan is unfunded as of August 31, 2025. The interest rate for fully unfunded term loans is to be determined. At August 31, 2025, the total principal amount and market value of unfunded commitments totaled $3,824,000 and $3,790,425, respectively. |
| (f) | Rate shown is one-day yield as of the end of the reporting period. |
| (g) | In this instance, as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, an “Affiliated Company” represents Fund ownership of at least 5% of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, or a company which is under common ownership or control with the Fund. At August 31, 2025, the total market value of investments in Affiliated Companies was $14,165,049 and the cost was $14,165,049. |
C-10
Schedule of Investments (unaudited) (cont’d)
August 31, 2025
Franklin BSP Lending Fund
(Percentages shown based on Fund net assets)
Abbreviation(s) used in this schedule:
SOFR — Secured Overnight Financing Rate
This Schedule of Investments is unaudited and is intended to provide information about the Fund’s investments as of the date of the schedule.
C-11